Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic structure of Galdieria populations from Iceland

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polar Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Galdieria is a photosynthetic unicellular protist, inhabiting thermoacidic environments around the world. The synchronicity of these thermoacidophilic algae with their extreme habitats makes them unable to thrive in different ecological conditions. The genetic structure of Galdieria populations has not yet been studied. In this report, the level of genetic diversity and structure of five Galdieria populations from Iceland were assessed through both random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, and a partial calmodulin gene fragment (previously used to assess the population structure of these extremophilic algae). The level of population differentiation from both the RAPD and CaM markers was estimated using PLP, percentage of polymorphic loci; H, the expected heterozygosity; I, Shannon’s information index, Ks, Kst. The migration ability of the Galdieria populations was suggested by the high level of genetic variations scored within each Galdieria population and by the small number of polymorphisms detected between the different Icelandic populations. The low genetic diversity between the two species was highlighted by RAPD and calmodulin markers, suggesting for the first time an interspecific genetic flow between species as strategy to evolve in stressful environments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Albertano P, Ciniglia C, Pinto G, Pollio A (2000) The taxonomic position of Cyanidium, Cyanidioschyzon and Galdieria: an update. Hydrobiologia 433:137–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bardakci F (2001) Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Turk J Biol 25:185–196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brock TD (1978) The genus Cyanidium. In: Starr PM (ed) Thermophilic mi-croorganisms and life at high temperatures. Springer, New York, pp 255–301

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cennamo P, Ciniglia C (2017) The algal diversity in the Phlegrean Fields (Campania, Italy) archeological districts. UPLanD 2(2):97–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Cennamo P, Marzano C, Ciniglia C, Pinto G, Cappelletti P, Caputo P, Pollio A (2012) A survey of the algal flora of anthropogenic caves of Campi Flegrei (Naples, Italy) archeological district. J Cave Karst Stud 74(3):243–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciniglia C, Yoon HS, Pollio A, Pinto G, Bhattacharya D (2004) Hidden biodiversity of the extremophilic Cyanidiales red algae. Mol Ecol 13:1827–1838

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ciniglia C, Cennamo P, De Stefano M, Pinto G, Caputo P, Pollio A (2007) Pinnularia obscura Krasske (Bacillariophyceae, Bacillariophyta) from acidic environments: characterization and comparison with other acid-tolerant Pinnularia species. Fundam Appl Limnol 170(1):29–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciniglia C, Yang EU, Pollio A, Pinto G, Iovinella M, Vitale L, Yoon HS (2014) Cyanidiophyceae in Iceland: plastid rbcL gene elucidates origin and dispersal of extemophilic Galdieria sulphuraria and G. maxima (Galdieriaceae, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 53:542–551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cozzolino S, Caputo P, De Castro O, Moretti A, Pinto G (2000) Molecular variation in Galdieria sulphuraria (Galdieri) Merola and its bearing on taxonomy. Hydrobiologia 433:145–151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui C, Li Y, Liu Y, Li X, Luo S, Zhang Z, Wu R, Liang G, Sun J, Peng J, Tian P (2017) Determination of genetic diversity among Saccharina germplasm using ISSR and RAPD markers. CR Biol 340(2):76–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Castro O, Sepe F, Di Maio A, Cennamo P, De Luca P, Gianguzzi L, Menale B (2013) Genetic structure in the paleoendemic and endangered Petagnaea gussonei (Spreng.) Rauschert (Saniculoideae, Apiaceae) and implications for its conservation. Plant Syst Evol 299:209–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Mousadik A, Petit RJ (1996) High level of genetic differentiation for allelic richness among populations of the argan tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] endemic of Morocco. Theor Appl Gen 92:832–839

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Excoffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM (1992) Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131:479–491

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S (2005) Arlequin (version 3.0): an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol Bioinf Online 1:47–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finger A, Klank C (2010) Molecular methods: blessing or curse? In: Habel JC, Assmann T (eds) Relict species: phylogeography and conservation biology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 309–320

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Glockner G, Rosenthal A, Valentin K (2000) The structure and gene repertoire of an ancient red algal plastid genome. J Mol Evol 51:382–390

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez PI, Gonzalez MA (2004) Genetic variation among seven strains of Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta) with industrial potential, based on RAPD banding patterns and on nuclear ITS rDNA sequences. Aquaculture 233:149–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gross W, Heilmann I, Lenze D, Schnarrenberger C (2001) Biogeography of the Cyanidiaceae (Rhodophyta) based on 18S ribosomal RNA sequence data. Eur J Phycol 36:275–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson RR (2000) A new statistic for detecting genetic differentiation. Genetics 155:2011–2014

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson RR, Boos DD, Kaplan NL (1992) A statistical test for detecting geographic subdivision. Mol Biol Evol 9:138–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keithellakpam OS, Oinam AS, Thingujam I, Oinam G, Nath TO (2017) Morphology and RAPD analysis of potential cyanobacterial isolates of Loktak Lake, the only largest freshwater lake in the North-East India. J Microbiol Biotechnol Res 5(2):46–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewontin R (1972) The apportionment of human diversity. Evol Biol 6:381–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch M, Milligan BG (1994) Analysis of population structure with RAPD markers. Mol Ecol 3:1–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mantel N (1967) The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27:209–220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merola A, Castaldo R, De Luca P, Gambardella R, Musacchio A, Taddei R (1981) Revision of Cyanidium caldarium. Three species of acidophilic algae. Plant Biosys 115:189–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Nei M (1987) Molecular evolutionary genetics. Columbia University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Peakall R, Smouse PE (2006) GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes 6:288–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petit RJ, El Mousaidik A, Pons O (1998) Identifying populations for conservation on the basis of genetic markers. Conserv Biol 12:844–855

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinto G, Albertano P, Ciniglia C, Cozzolino S, Pollio A, Yoon HS, Bhattacharya D (2003) Comparative approaches to the taxonomy of the genus Galdieria Merola (Cyanidiales, Rhodophyta). Cryptogamie Algol 24:13–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinto G, Ciniglia C, Cascone C, Pollio A (2007) Species composition of Cyanidiales assemblages in Pisciarelli (Campi Flegrei, Italy) and description of Galdieria phlegrea sp. nov. In: Seckbach J (ed) Algae and Cyanobacteria in Extreme Environments. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 387–397

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Podani J (2001) SYN-TAX (2000) Computer program for data analysis in ecology and systematics for WINDOWS 95, 98 & NT. Scientia Publishing, Budapest

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MRBAYES 3: bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572–1574

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schönknecht G, Chen WH, Ternes CM, Barbier GG, Shrestha RP, Stanke M, Brautigam A, Baker BJ, Banfield JF, Garavito RM, Carr K, Wilkerson C, Rensing SA, Gagneul D, Dickenson NE, Oesterhelt C, Lercher MJ, Weber AP (2013) Gene transfer from bacteria and archaea facilitate evolution of an extremophilic eukaryote. Science 8:1207–1210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sentsova OY (1991) Diversity of acido-thermophilic unicellular algae of the genus Galdieria (Rhodophyta, Cyanidiophyceae). Botanich Zhur 76:69–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Toplin JA, Norris TB, Lehr CR, McDermott TR, Castenholz RW (2008) Biogeographic and phylogenetic diversity of termoacidophilic Cyanidiophyceae in Yellowstone National Park, Japan and New Zealand. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:2822–2833

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valatka S, Antia M, Tapani YM (2000) Analysis of genetic diversity of Furcellaria lumbricalis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) in the Baltic Sea by RAPD-PCR technique. Phycologia 39(2):109–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams JGK, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV (1990) DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucl Acid Res 18:6531–6535

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh FRC, Yang RC, Boyle TBJ, Ye ZH, Mao JX (1997) POPGENE, the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton. http://www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh/popgene_info.html/

  • Yoon HS, Hackett JD, Pinto G, Bhattacharya D (2002) The single, ancient origin of chromist plastids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:15507–15512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon HS, Hackett JD, Ciniglia C, Pinto G, Bhattacharya D (2004) A molecular timeline for the origin of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Mol Biol Evol 21:809–818

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon HS, Müller KM, Sheath RG, Ott FD, Bhattacharya D (2006) Defining the major lineages of red algae (Rhodophyta). J Phycol 42:482–492

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Dr Gudmundur Vidir Helgason for hospitality and laboratory support at the Sandgerdi Marine Centre (SMC). The stay at the SMC was supported by the program “Improving Human Potential: Access to Research Infrastructure” provided by the European Community. We are grateful to Prof. Antonino Pollio for the logistical support of the algal cultures which are maintained at the Algal Collection of University of Naples “Federico II”. Many thanks to Dr Rachael Oakenfull for the English editing of the manuscript. We are also grateful to Prof. Hwan Su Yoon for calmodulin gene sequencing, which was supported by the Korean Rural Development Administration Next-generation BioGreen21 (PJ009525), the National Research Foundation of Korea (MEST: 2014R1A2A2A01003588), and US National Science Foundation (DEB 1317114) to HSY.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Ayla Eren and Manuela Iovinella have equally contributed to this paper

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey

    Ayla Eren

  2. Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, UK

    Manuela Iovinella

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea

    Hwan Su Yoon

  4. Faculty of Letters, University of Naples Suor Orsola Benincasa, Naples, Italy

    Paola Cennamo

  5. Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy

    Mario de Stefano & Claudia Ciniglia

  6. Department of Biology, University of Federico II, Naples, Italy

    Olga de Castro

Authors
  1. Ayla Eren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Manuela Iovinella
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hwan Su Yoon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Paola Cennamo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mario de Stefano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Olga de Castro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Claudia Ciniglia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Claudia Ciniglia.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Eren, A., Iovinella, M., Yoon, H.S. et al. Genetic structure of Galdieria populations from Iceland. Polar Biol 41, 1681–1691 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2308-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2308-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation