Abstract
Classification of hematological neoplasms in the past 25 years has been generated through international efforts to achieve broad consensus among professionals. In recent years, the understanding of lymphoid neoplasms has advanced notably, particularly with the impact of genomic studies. Two classifications of these neoplasms were produced in 2022. The International Consensus Classification (ICC) was generated following the same successful process used for the third, fourth, and updated fourth editions of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Hematologic Neoplasms, coordinated by a steering committee approved by the Executive Committees of the European Association for Haematopathology and the Society of Hematopathology. The topics were prepared by different working groups and subsequently discussed in the clinical advisory committee (CAC) meeting with the participation of a large group of pathologists, clinicians, and scientists who all approved the classification after reaching consensus on all topics. Simultaneously, the International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) of the WHO has produced the fifth edition of the classification of these neoplasms with a group of professionals appointed by the agency who discussed the proposed classification in different meetings. The definition and criteria for diagnosis of many entities have been refined in both proposals. Terminology for some diseases has been adapted to the current knowledge of their biology. Major findings from recent genomic studies have impacted the conceptual framework and diagnostic criteria for many entities. Although most categories are similar in both classifications, there are also conceptual differences and differences in the diagnostic criteria for some diseases.
Zusammenfassung
Die Klassifikation der hämatologischen Neoplasien in den letzten 25 Jahren wurde auf der Basis internationaler Bemühungen zur Erzielung eines breiten Konsensus unter Fachleuten erstellt. In den letzten Jahren hat sich das Verständnis lymphatischer Neoplasien erheblich weiterentwickelt, insbesondere durch die Auswirkungen genomischer Studien. Im Jahr 2022 wurden 2 Klassifikationen dieser Neoplasien publiziert. Die International Consensus Classification (ICC) wurde nach dem gleichen erfolgreichen Prozess erstellt, der für die dritte, vierte und aktualisierte vierte Ausgabe der Klassifikation hämatologischer Neoplasien der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) verwendet wurde, unter Koordination eines Lenkungsausschusses, der von den Exekutivkomitees der European Association for Haematopathology und der Society of Hematopathology genehmigt wurde. Die Themen wurden von verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen vorbereitet und anschließend in der Sitzung des Clinical Advisory Committee (CAC) unter Beteiligung einer großen Gruppe von Pathologen, Klinikern und Wissenschaftlern diskutiert, die alle der Klassifizierung zustimmten, nachdem sie in allen Themen einen Konsens erzielt hatten. Gleichzeitig hat die International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) der WHO die 5. Auflage der Klassifikation dieser Neoplasien mit einer von der Agency ernannten Gruppe von Fachleuten erstellt, die die vorgeschlagene Klassifikation in verschiedenen Sitzungen diskutierten. Die Definition und Kriterien für die Diagnose vieler Entitäten wurden in beiden Vorschlägen verfeinert. Die Terminologie einiger Krankheiten wurde an den aktuellen Kenntnisstand ihrer Biologie angepasst. Wichtige Erkenntnisse aus jüngsten Genomstudien haben den konzeptionellen Rahmen und die diagnostischen Kriterien für viele Entitäten beeinflusst. Obwohl die meisten Kategorien in beiden Klassifikationen ähnlich sind, gibt es bei einigen Krankheiten auch konzeptionelle Unterschiede und Unterschiede in diagnostischen Kriterien.
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E. Campo declares that he has no competing interests related to the content of this article. E. Campo has received honoraria for educational and consulting activities from GenMab, Takeda, Bristol Myers Squib, EUSA Pharma, Janssen and Roche. E. Campo has received research support from AstraZeneca and he is an author in two patents licensed to naoString and Diagnostica longwood.
For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors. All studies mentioned were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case.
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The information of the WHO5 classification presented in the Keynote lecture and in this review was obtained from the publication in reference 1 [1]. Some aspects of different entities have been subsequently modified in the online beta version of the WHO5 classification.
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Campo, E. The 2022 classifications of lymphoid neoplasms. Pathologie 44 (Suppl 3), 121–127 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-023-01247-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-023-01247-9
Keywords
- International Consensus Classification of Hematological neoplasms
- WHO classification of lymphoid tumours
- Lymphoid neoplasm diagnosis
- Mature B cell neoplasms
- Mature T cell neoplasms