References
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018 l;69(1):182–236. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019. Epub 2018 Apr 5. Erratum in: J Hepatol. 2019 Apr;70(4):817. PMID: 29628281.
Miyayama S, Yamashiro M, Hashimoto M, Yoshida M, Hashimoto N, Ikuno M, et al. Clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma supplied by the left internal mammary artery. Jpn J Radiol. 2012;30(10):798–805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-012-0123-2 (Epub 2012 Sep 6 PMID: 22956343).
Hansen T, Olsen K, White K, Keller J. Retiform Purpura After Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization: A Case Report. Am J Dermatopathol. 2018;40(2):e25–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0000000000000950 (PMID: 28700373).
del Alcázar VE, López Pestaña A, Tuneu Valls A, Prieto Argarate I, Ruiz Tapiador JI. Supraumbilical cutaneous lesions after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(2):e49-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.01.878 (PMID: 25037812).
Elsayed AG, Martin JM, Pacioles T. Rash and subcutaneous fat necrosis after DEB-TACE with doxorubicin. BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Jan 5;2018:bcr2017222394. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2017-222394. PMID: 29305365; PMCID: PMC5775767.
Hama Y, Iwasaki Y, Kusano S. Supraumbilical skin rash after chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur Radiol. 2000;10(8):1356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003309900297 (PMID: 10939508).
Jang MS, Baek JW, Kang DY, Kang JS, Suh KS, Kim ST. Supraumbilical skin rash after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: successful treatment with pentoxifylline. J Dermatol. 2011;38(12):1188–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01231.x (Epub 2011 May 19 PMID: 21592200).
Kanzaki H, Nouso K, Miyahara K, Kajikawa N, Kobayashi S, Sakakihara I, et al. A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with skin injury of the upper abdominal wall after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: a case report. Cases J. 2009;1(2):7197. https://doi.org/10.4076/1757-1626-2-7197.PMID:19918514;PMCID:PMC2769344.
Kuan A, Khoo L, Yang SS, Chia HY, Lee JSS. Retiform Purpura as a Complication of Microsphere Emboli Following Transarterial Chemoembolization for Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review. Am J Dermatopathol. 2020;42(7):e108–10. https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0000000000001586 (PMID: 31809275).
Lee JH, Chon CY, Ahn SH, Moon BS, Kim JH, Paik YH, et al. An ischemic skin lesion after chemoembolization of the right internal mammary artery in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Yonsei Med J. 2001;42(1):137–41. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2001.42.1.137 (PMID: 11293493).
Nagpal P, Bhalala M, Vidholia A, Sao R, Sharma N, Mehta D, et al. Abdominal skin rash after TACE due to non-target embolization of hepatic falciform artery. ACG Case Rep J. 2016;3(1):217–220. https://doi.org/10.14309/crj.2016.55.
Chuang W-L, Lin C-C, Wu D-K, Shih PM-C, Liu GC. Supraumbilical skin rash and fat necrosis after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: a case report. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2004;20(1);36–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70082-8
Acknowledgements
Isaac Ruiz is a recipient of fellowship grants from the CHUM Foundation, Montreal, Canada
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
IR, DF, AH, LB conceived and designed the study. IR, NSM, AB, RHA, DO, PP, DF, AH, LB contributed to acquisition and analyzed and interpreted the data. IR, NSM, RHA, DO, AH, LB drafted the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have none to declare.
Informed consent
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ruiz, I., Maalouf, N.S., Bentridi, A. et al. Abdominal Skin Injury due to Non-Target Embolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Vascularized by the Internal Mammary Artery. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 45, 142–146 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-021-02951-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-021-02951-w