Abstract
Background
Recently, a modified dorsal split preservation technique has been described. In this method, the integrity of the elastic keystone area is preserved by separation of the upper lateral cartilages from the septal T-bar. Our study aimed to evaluate the aesthetical and functional outcome in patients treated with the dorsal T-bar preservation versus the ‘gold’ standard dorsal split component reduction approach.
Methods
We performed a retrospective propensity score matched analysis in 234 patients enrolled for rhinoplasty. The severity of nasal obstruction was measured with the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation questionnaire (NOSE score). Aesthetic evaluation was performed with the FACE-Q nose and nostrils and Utrecht Questionnaire (UQ). Assessments were conducted prior to surgery, at 3 and at 6 months after surgery.
After propensity score matching, 172 patients in two cohorts were retained. The following covariates were taken into the statistical calculation: age, gender, ethnicity, previous nasal surgery, nasal trauma, respiratory allergy, and preoperative NOSE scores. The first cohort of 110 patients underwent rhinoplasty with T-bar preservation technique (TDP). The control cohort consisted of 62 patients who underwent dorsal split component reduction (SCR).
Results
The mean preoperative scores for FACE-Q nose, FACE-Q nostrils, UQ and VAS score improved significantly in all patients postoperatively. Both techniques had comparable aesthetic outcome measures that remained unchanged between 3 and 6 months postop. Functional outcome as measured by the NOSE score was in favor of SCR at 3 months postop but the difference between both techniques was not significant anymore at 6 months postop. In contrast to SCR, in TDP, only 31% of the patients needed spreader grafts or autospreader flaps at the internal valve area only for functional reasons.
Conclusion
The data in this study suggest similar patient satisfaction with SCR and TDP techniques for aesthetics as well as nasal function after 6 months postop. TDP is a very versatile cartilage-sparing method to aesthetically adapt the middle vault without interrupting the keystone area. It combines the popular component separation concept with the preservation of the delicate anatomy of the mid-vault.
Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Verkest V, Pingnet L, Fransen E, Declau F (2022) Multi-dimensionality of patient reported outcome measures in rhinoplasty satisfaction. Facial Plast Surg. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1760-1422
Abdelwahab M, Patel PN (2021) Conventional resection versus preservation of the nasal dorsum and ligaments: an anatomic perspective and review of the literature. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 29(1):15–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2020.08.005
Rohrich RJ, Muzaffar AR, Janis JE (2004) Component dorsal hump reduction: the importance of maintaining dorsal aesthetic lines in rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 114(5):1298–1308. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000135861.45986.cf
Tas BM, Erden B (2021) Evaluation of the effect of conventional rhinoplasty with autospreader flap and let-down technique on nasal functions. Facial Plast Surg 37(3):302–305. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1722955
Robotti E, Chauke-Malinga NY, Leone F (2019) A modified dorsal split preservation technique for nasal humps with minor bony component: a preliminary report. Aesthet Plast Surg 43(5):1257–1268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-019-01425-2
Sousa-Vieira A, Machado de Carvalho G, Milicic D (2022) Hybrid dorsal preservation rhinoplasty: how we do it. Annals of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Austin PC (2020) Advances in propensity score analysis. Stat Methods Med Res 29(3):641–643. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280219899248
Verkest V, Pingnet L, Fransen E, Declau F (2022) Multidimensionality of patient-reported outcome measures in rhinoplasty satisfaction. Facial Plast Surg 38(5):468–476. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1760-1422
Alsarraf R, Larrabee WF Jr, Anderson S, Murakami CS, Johnson CM Jr (2001) Measuring cosmetic facial plastic surgery outcomes: a pilot study. Arch Facial Plast Surg 3(3):198–201. https://doi.org/10.1001/archfaci.3.3.198
Lohuis PJ, Hakim S, Duivesteijn W, Knobbe A, Tasman AJ (2013) Benefits of a short, practical questionnaire to measure subjective perception of nasal appearance after aesthetic rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 132(6):913e-e923. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000434403.83692.95
Maldonado-Chapa F, Datema FR, van Zijl F et al (2022) Clinical benefits of the Utrecht questionnaire for aesthetic outcome assessment in rhinoplasty: an update. Facial Plast Surg. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1967-5943
Gerbault O, Daniel RK, Kosins AM (2016) The role of piezoelectric instrumentation in rhinoplasty surgery. Aesthet Surg J 36(1):21–34. https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjv167
Kovacevic M, Veit JA, Toriumi DM (2021) Subdorsal Z-flap: a modification of the Cottle technique in dorsal preservation rhinoplasty. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 29(4):244–251. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0000000000000726
Ferreira MG, Santos M, Dias D (2022) Subdorsal osteotomy and complete dorsal preservation—a new paradigm in preservation rhinoplasty? Laryngoscope 132(4):769–771. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29832
Zholtikov V, Golovatinsky V, Palhazi P, Gerbault O, Daniel RK (2020) Rhinoplasty: a sequential approach to managing the bony vault. Aesthet Surg J 40(5):479–492. https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjz158
Ferreira MG, Santos M (2023) Surface techniques in dorsal preservation. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 31(1):45–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2022.08.005
Most SP (2023) Invited discussion on: comparison of dorsal preservation and dorsal reduction rhinoplasty: analysis of nasal patency and aesthetic outcomes by rhinomanometry, NOSE and SCHNOS scales. Aesthet Plast Surg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03253-x
Afrooz PN, Rohrich RJ (2018) The keystone: consistency in restoring the aesthetic dorsum in rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 141(2):355–363. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000004091
Patel PN, Abdelwahab M, Most SP (2020) A review and modification of dorsal preservation rhinoplasty techniques. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 22(2):71–79. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpsam.2020.0017
Neves JC, Arancibia-Tagle D (2021) Avoiding aesthetic drawbacks and stigmata in dorsal line preservation rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg 37(1):65–75. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725101
Gostian M, Stange T, Wurm J, Gostian AO (2021) Patient-reported outcome measures in external and endonasal functional septorhinoplasty—A propensity score matching study. Am J Otolaryngol 42(1):102763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102763
Burks CA, Weitzman RE, Lindsay RW (2022) The impact of component dorsal hump reduction on patient-perceived nasal aesthetics and obstruction in rhinoplasty. Laryngoscope 132(11):2157–2161. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.30054
Ferreira MG, Monteiro D, Reis C, Almeida e Sousa C (2016) Spare roof technique: a middle third new technique. Facial Plast Surg 32(1):111–116. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1570503
Goksel A, Saban Y, Tran KN (2021) Biomechanical nasal anatomy applied to open preservation rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg 37(1):12–21. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715622
Patel PN, Kandathil CK, Abdelhamid AS, Buba CM, Most SP (2022) Matched cohort comparison of dorsal preservation and conventional hump resection rhinoplasty. Aesthet Plast Surg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-022-03156-3
Law RH, Bazzi TD, Van Harn M, Craig JR, Deeb RH (2021) Predictors of long-term nasal obstruction symptom evaluation score stability following septoplasty with inferior turbinate reduction. Laryngoscope 131(7):E2105–E2110. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29229
Floyd EM, Ho S, Patel P, Rosenfeld RM, Gordin E (2017) Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating functional rhinoplasty outcomes with the NOSE score. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 156(5):809–815. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599817691272
Lipan MJ, Most SP (2013) Development of a severity classification system for subjective nasal obstruction. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 15(5):358–361. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamafacial.2013.344
Buba CM, Patel PN, Saltychev M, Kandathil CK, Most SP (2022) The safety and efficacy of spreader grafts and autospreaders in rhinoplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aesthet Plast Surg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-021-02735-0
Abdelwahab MA, Neves CA, Patel PN, Most SP (2020) Impact of dorsal preservation rhinoplasty versus dorsal hump resection on the internal nasal valve: a quantitative radiological study. Aesthet Plast Surg 44(3):879–887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-020-01627-z
Alan MA, Kahraman ME, Yuksel F, Yucel A (2022) Comparison of dorsal preservation and dorsal reduction rhinoplasty: analysis of nasal patency and aesthetic outcomes by rhinomanometry, NOSE and SCHNOS scales. Aesthet Plast Surg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-022-03151-8
Ferreira MG, Santos M, Diogo Oliveira EC et al (2021) Spare roof technique versus component dorsal hump reduction: a randomized prospective study in 250 primary rhinoplasties, aesthetic and functional outcomes. Aesthet Surg J 41(3):288–300. https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaa221
Kuss O, Blettner M, Borgermann J (2016) Propensity score: an alternative method of analyzing treatment effects. Dtsch Arztebl Int 113(35–36):597–603. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2016.0597
Austin PC (2011) A tutorial and case study in propensity score analysis: an application to estimating the effect of in-hospital smoking cessation counseling on mortality. Multivar Behav Res 46(1):119–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.540480
Kandathil CK, Saltychev M, Patel PN, Most SP (2021) Natural history of the standardized cosmesis and health nasal outcomes survey after rhinoplasty. Laryngoscope 131(1):E116–E123. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28831
Kandathil CK, Moubayed SP, Chanasriyotin C, Most SP (2017) Natural history of nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scale following functional rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg 33(5):551–552. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606097
Okland TS, Kandathil C, Sanan A, Rudy S, Most SP (2020) Analysis of nasal obstruction patterns following reductive rhinoplasty. Aesthet Plast Surg 44(1):122–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-019-01484-5
Funding
No funding was received for this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
No competing financial interests exist.
Ethical Approval
The study was conducted according to the declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics committee of GZA Hospitals (Approval number: 190301ACADEM). After thorough information, all patients gave their written informed consent to participate in the study.
Patients Consent
Patients provided written consent for the use of their images.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Verkest, V., Pingnet, L., Van Hout, G. et al. Comparison in Patient Satisfaction Between Structural Component and Hybrid T-bar Preservation Rhinoplasty: A Retrospective Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study. Aesth Plast Surg 47, 2598–2608 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03347-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-023-03347-6