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Neuroendocrine neoplasm imaging: protocols by site of origin

  • Special Section: Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
  • Published:
Abdominal Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With the relatively low incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN), most radiologists are not familiar with their optimal imaging techniques. The imaging protocols for NENs should be tailored to the site of origin to accurately define local extension of NEN at time of staging. Patterns of spread and recurrence should be taken into consideration when choosing protocols for detection of recurrence and metastases. This paper will present the recommended CT and MRI imaging protocols for gastro-enteric and pancreatic NENs based on site of origin or predominant pattern of metastatic disease, and explain the rationale for MRI contrast type, contrast timing, as well as specific sequences in MRI. We will also briefly comment on PET/CT and PET/MRI imaging protocols.

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Author information

Author notes

  1. Maria Zulfiqar

    Present address: Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA

  2. Amir Iravani

    Present address: Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 N.E. Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

  3. Sooyoung Martin

    Present address: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abdominal Imaging, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Sooyoung Martin, Anup S. Shetty, Maria Zulfiqar & Malak Itani

  2. Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Amir Iravani

  3. Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Ajaykumar Morani & Priya R. Bhosale

  4. Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA

    Motoyo Yano

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Martin, S., Iravani, A., Shetty, A.S. et al. Neuroendocrine neoplasm imaging: protocols by site of origin. Abdom Radiol 47, 4081–4095 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-022-03713-z

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