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Fungal Communities Are More Sensitive to the Simulated Environmental Changes than Bacterial Communities in a Subtropical Forest: the Single and Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Addition and Precipitation Seasonality Change

  • Soil Microbiology
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Abstract

Increased nitrogen deposition (N factor) and changes in precipitation patterns (W factor) can greatly impact soil microbial communities in tropical/subtropical forests. Although knowledge about the effects of a single factor on soil microbial communities is growing rapidly, little is understood about the interactive effects of these two environmental change factors. In this study, we investigated the responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to the short-term simulated environmental changes (nitrogen addition, precipitation seasonality change, and their combination) in a subtropical forest in South China. The interaction between N and W factors was detected significant for affecting some soil physicochemical properties (such as pH, soil water, and NO3- contents). Fungi were more susceptible to treatment than bacteria in a variety of community traits (alpha, beta diversity, and network topological features). The N and W factors act antagonistically to affect fungal alpha diversity, and the interaction effect was detected significant for the dry season. The topological features of the meta-community (containing both bacteria and fungi) network overrode the alpha and beta diversity of bacterial or fungal communities in explaining the variation of soil enzyme activities. The associations between Ascomycota fungi and Gammaproteobacteria or Alphaproteobacteria might be important in mediating the inter-kingdom interactions. In summary, our results suggested that fungal communities were more sensitive to N and W factors (and their interaction) than bacterial communities, and the treatments’ effects were more prominent in the dry season, which may have great consequences in soil processes and ecosystem functions in subtropical forests.

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Data Availability

The original bacterial sequences files were deposited in the sequence read archive (https://submit.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/subs/sra/) under the Biosample numbers SAMN19238034 to SAMN19238065. The original fungal sequences files were deposited in the sequence read archive under the Biosample numbers SAMN19238633 to SAMN19238664. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Zhipeng Chen, Shaoyun Lv, Shengxing Fu, Xiangping Tan, Yanxia Nie, Xiaoge Han, Yaya Wang, and Qingshui Yu for their kind help in the laboratory and field work.

Funding

This study was granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800439, 31425005, 32171517) and the GDAS’ Special Project of Science and Technology Development (2021GDASYL-20210103015, 2020GDASYL-20200301003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Xianlie Road 100#, Guangzhou, 510070, China

    Dan He & Honghui Zhu

  2. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China

    Zhiming Guo & Dan Sun

  3. College of Forestry, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Daxue Road 100#, Nanning, 530004, China

    Weijun Shen

  4. Department of Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China

    Lijuan Ren

  5. College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China

    Qing Yao

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  1. Dan He
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  2. Zhiming Guo
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Dan He, Zhiming Guo, Dan Sun, and Lijuan Ren. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Dan He and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Weijun Shen or Honghui Zhu.

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One sentence summary: Fungal communities are more sensitive to the single and interactive effects of nitrogen addition and precipitation seasonality change.

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He, D., Guo, Z., Shen, W. et al. Fungal Communities Are More Sensitive to the Simulated Environmental Changes than Bacterial Communities in a Subtropical Forest: the Single and Interactive Effects of Nitrogen Addition and Precipitation Seasonality Change. Microb Ecol 86, 521–535 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02092-8

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