Abstract
Atmospheric, soil, and feces samples were collected in Ny-Ålesund during July 2015. The concentrations, distributions, congener profiles, and contaminant migration levels were analyzed for 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) as priority contaminants (16 PAHs). Mean concentrations in the gas and particle phases were 37.8 ng m−3 and 2.9 ng m−3, respectively, and mean concentrations in soil and reindeer/bird feces were 329.1 ng g−1 and 720.7 ng g−1, respectively, on a dry weight (d.w.) basis. In more than three phases, naphthalene and phenanthrene dominated the concentrations of the 16 total PAHs (Σ16PAH) and the concentration of PAHs in the gas phase was much higher than in the particle phase. The main sources of local PAHs may be coal combustion and air-surface exchange. There was a volatilization tendency from soil to air for 2–4 ring PAHs, and exchange fluxes were ~ 105 times greater than the deposition fluxes of 5–6 ring PAHs. The underground migration of PAHs was investigated in Ny-Ålesund; the results showed flux values of ~ 0.07% from the initial PAH concentrations.
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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy policy but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the National Key Research and Development Program of China and National Natural Science Foundation of China. Thanks to Dr. Xu for his help with model solution. They also thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC0213103, 2019YFD0901104), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41976222, 21377032, 41406088), Atmospheric transport process of organophosphate esters in the Northwest Pacific and Antarctica: spatiotemporal distribution, medium partitioning, and influencing factors (42006195).
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Na, G., Liang, Y., Li, R. et al. Flux of Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds (PAHs) from the Atmosphere and from Reindeer/Bird Feces to Arctic Soils in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 81, 166–181 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-021-00851-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-021-00851-1