References
de Bakker CMJ, Burt LA, Gabel L, Hanley DA, Boyd SK (2020) Associations between breastfeeding history and early postmenopausal bone loss. Calcif Tissue Int 106:264–273
Hwang IR, Choi YK, Lee WK, Kim JG, Lee IK, Kim SW, Park KG (2016) Association between prolonged breastfeeding and bone mineral density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: KNHANES 2010–2011. Osteoporos Int 27:257–265
Schnatz PF, Barker KG, Marakovits KA, O'Sullivan DM (2010) Effects of age at first pregnancy and breast-feeding on the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Menopause 17:1161–1166
Sioka C, Bougias C, Papadopoulos A, Fotopoulos A (2007) Is osteoporosis in postmenopausal female patients related to previous pregnancies and/or miscarriages? Climacteric 10:381–385
Sioka C, Fotopoulos A, Papakonstantinou S, Georgiou A, Pelidou SH, Kyritsis AP, Kalef-Ezra JA (2015) The effect of menarche age, parity and lactation on bone mineral density in premenopausal ambulatory multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 4:287–290
Sioka C, Fotopoulos A, Georgiou A, Papakonstantinou S, Pelidou SH, Kyritsis AP, Kalef-Ezra JA (2011) Body composition in ambulatory patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Densitom 14:465–470
Sioka C, Papakonstantinou S, Fotopoulos A, Alamanos Y, Georgiou A, Tsouli S, Pelidou SH, Kyritsis AP, Kalef-Ezra J (2011) Bone mineral density in ambulatory patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci 32:819–824
Wang JW, Dong FX, Su H, Zhu L, Shao S, Liu HH (2020) Pylori is related to osteoporosis but only in premenopausal female: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18(21):559
Sioka C, Fotopoulos A, Georgiou A, Xourgia X, Papadopoulos A, Kalef-Ezra JA (2010) Age at menarche, age at menopause and duration of fertility as risk factors for osteoporosis. Climacteric 13:63–71
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
Chrissa Sioka and Andreas Fotopoulos have reported no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sioka, C., Fotopoulos, A. Parity, Breastfeeding, and Osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 108, 277–278 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-020-00766-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-020-00766-4