Abstract
The clinical use of gentamicin (GM) is restricted by its nephrotoxic effects. This study aimed for the first time to elucidate the ameliorative effects of the monoterpene linalool (Lin) against GM-mediated acute kidney injury in rats. A total of thirty-two rats were subdivided into four equal groups: control (saline), Lin (100 mg/kg/day), GM (100 mg/kg/day), and GM + Lin (100 and 100 mg/kg/day). Lin and GM were intraperitoneally administered for 12 days. Our results illustrated that Lin ameliorated GM-mediated renal histopathological abnormalities and reduced serum urea and creatinine levels in rats exposed to GM. Lin treatment mitigated oxidative stress in nephrotoxic animals as manifested by reducing serum and renal levels of malondialdehyde and increasing the activities of serum and renal glutathione peroxidase and renal catalase. Moreover, Lin markedly inhibited GM-triggered inflammation by downregulating NF-κB, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β and reducing renal myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide levels. Interestingly, Lin repressed GM-induced apoptosis, as reflected by a marked downregulation of Bax and caspase-3 expression, concurrent with the upregulation of Bcl2 expression. Finally, Lin administration led to a significant downregulation of TGF-β expression in nephrotoxic animals. In summary, Lin ameliorated GM-mediated nephrotoxicity in rats, at least through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities and by modulating TGF-β.
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We would like to thank the Nutritional Health Research Center of Lorestan Medical University, Lorestan, Iran.
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EB, OD, MMS, and HA conceived and designed research. EB and OD conducted experiments. MMS and HA contributed new reagents or analytical tools. EB wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript. The authors declare that all data were generated in-house and that no paper mill was used.
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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (IR.LUMS.REC.1397.063) and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University (lu.acri.2023.64).
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Babaeenezhad, E., Dezfoulian, O., Moradi Sarabi, M. et al. Monoterpene linalool restrains gentamicin-mediated acute kidney injury in rats by subsiding oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the NF-κB/iNOS/TNF-α/IL-1β pathway and regulating TGF-β. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-024-02978-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-024-02978-z