Abstract
The study of epigenetic translational modifications had drawn great interest for the last few decades. These processes play a vital role in many diseases and cancer is one of them. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key enzymes involved in the acetylation and deacetylation of histones and ultimately in post-translational modifications. Cancer frequently exhibits epigenetic changes, particularly disruption in the expression and activity of HDACs. It includes the capacity to regulate proliferative signalling, circumvent growth inhibitors, escape cell death, enable replicative immortality, promote angiogenesis, stimulate invasion and metastasis, prevent immunological destruction, and genomic instability. The majority of tumours develop and spread as a result of HDAC dysregulation. As a result, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) were developed, and they today stand as a very promising therapeutic approach. One of the most well-known and efficient therapies for practically all cancer types is chemotherapy. However, the efficiency and safety of treatment are constrained by higher toxicity. The same has been observed with the synthetic HDACi. Natural products, owing to many advantages over synthetic compounds for cancer treatment have always been a choice for therapy. Hence, naturally available molecules are of particular interest for HDAC inhibition and HDAC has drawn the attention of the research fraternity due to their potential to offer a diverse array of chemical structures and bioactive compounds. This diversity opens up new avenues for exploring less toxic HDAC inhibitors to reduce side effects associated with conventional synthetic inhibitors. The review presents comprehensive details on natural product HDACi, their mechanism of action and their biological effects. Moreover, this review provides a brief discussion on the structure activity relationship of selected natural HDAC inhibitors and their analogues which can guide future research to discover selective, more potent HDACi with minimal toxicity.
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Abbreviations
- AM:
-
Allyl meracaptan
- CaMK II:
-
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II
- CDK:
-
Cyclin dependent kinase
- Cyl:
-
Cylindrocladium scoparium
- DADS:
-
Diallyl disulfide
- DNMT:
-
DNA methyltransferases
- ESCC:
-
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- GLUT-4:
-
Glucose transporter type 4
- HAT:
-
Histone acetylases
- HC:
-
Helminthosporium carbonum
- HDAC:
-
Histone deacetylase
- HDACi:
-
Histone deacetylase inhibitor
- HIF-1 α:
-
Hypoxia inducible factor 1α
- HSF-1:
-
Heat shock factor-1
- LAM-2:
-
Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2
- NAD:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NES:
-
Nuclear export signal
- NF-κB:
-
Nuclear factor kappa B
- NLS:
-
Nuclear localization signal
- PDGF:
-
Platelet derived growth factor
- PEPCK:
-
Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase
- Psam A:
-
Psammaplin A
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SAHA:
-
Suberanilohydroxamic acid
- SB:
-
Sodium butyrate
- SFN:
-
Sulforphane
- SIRT:
-
Sirtuin
- SP:
-
Sodium propionate
- TRAIL:
-
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- TSA:
-
Trichostatin A
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
- ZBG:
-
Zinc binding group
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Abhishek Wahi: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Drawing—Figures and structures; Priti Jain: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. Apurba Sinhari: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. Hemant R Jadhav: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—review. The authors confirm that no paper mill and artificial intelligence was used.
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Wahi, A., Jain, P., Sinhari, A. et al. Progress in discovery and development of natural inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) as anti-cancer agents. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 397, 675–702 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02674-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02674-4