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Antibacterial and biofilm-inhibitory effects of vancomycin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria

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Abstract

The present study aimed to prepare and characterize vancomycin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Van-MSNs) to detect inhibitory effects on the planktonic and biofilm forms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, and study the biocompatibility and toxicity of Van-MSNs in vitro as well as antibacterial activity of Van-MSNs against Gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory effects of Van-MSNs were investigated on MRSA using the determination of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum biofilm-inhibitory concentrations (MBIC) as well as the effect on bacterial attachment. Biocompatibility was studied by examining the effect of Van-MSNs on the lysis and sedimentation rate of red blood cells (RBC). The interaction of Van-MSNs with human blood plasma was detected by the SDS-PAGE approach. The cytotoxic effect of the Van-MSNs on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) was evaluated by the MTT assay. The antibacterial effects of vancomycin and Van-MSNs on Gram-negative bacteria were also investigated using MIC determination using the broth microdilution method. Furthermore, bacteria outer membrane (OM) permeabilization was determined. Van-MSNs showed inhibitory effects on planktonic and biofilm forms of bacteria on all isolates at levels lower than MICs and MBICs of free vancomycin, but the antibiofilm effect of Van-MSNs was not significant. However, Van-MSNs did not affect bacterial attachment to surfaces. Van-loaded MSNs did not show a considerable effect on the lysis and sedimentation of RBC. A low interaction of Van-MSNs was detected with albumin (66.5 kDa). The hBM-MSCs viability in exposure to different levels of Van-MSNs was 91–100%. MICs of ≥ 128 µg/mL were observed for vancomycin against all Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, Van-MSNs exhibited modest antibacterial activity inhibiting the tested Gram-negative bacterial strains, at concentrations of ≤ 16 µg/mL. Van-MSNs increased the OM permeability of bacteria that can increase the antimicrobial effect of vancomycin. According to our findings, Van-loaded MSNs have low cytotoxicity, desirable biocompatibility, and antibacterial effects and can be an option for the battle against planktonic MRSA.

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Data Availability

The data of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The present article obtained financial support from the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Research Vice-Chancellor (No. 61957), to which the authors are grateful.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad Yousef Memar & Edris Nabizadeh

  2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Mina Yekani

  3. Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Mina Yekani

  4. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Safar Farajnia

  5. Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Farzaneh Ghadiri Moghaddam

  6. Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Simin Sharifi & Solmaz Maleki Dizaj

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  1. Mohammad Yousef Memar
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Contributions

This study was planned and collected by MYM, SSH, and SMD. MY, SF, EN, and FGM contributed to the research stages of drafting and revising the manuscript. SSH and SMD are the corresponding authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Simin Sharifi or Solmaz Maleki Dizaj.

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The Ethics Committee of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR.TBZMED.REC.1398.798) approved this study.

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Memar, M., Yekani, M., Farajnia, S. et al. Antibacterial and biofilm-inhibitory effects of vancomycin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles on methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria. Arch Microbiol 205, 109 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03447-6

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