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Effects of a 3-month weight-bearing and resistance exercise training on circulating osteogenic cells and bone formation markers in postmenopausal women with low bone mass

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Abstract

Summary

Osteoporosis is a health issue in postmenopausal women. Physical activity is recommended in these subjects, since it has positive effects on bone mass. Cellular mechanisms underlying this effect are still unclear. Osteogenic cells, released after physical exertion, could be a key factor in exercise-induced bone formation.

Introduction

The aim of our research was to explore if a weight-bearing and resistance exercise program could positively affect circulating osteogenic cells (OCs), markers of bone formation and quality of life (QoL) in osteopenic postmenopausal women.

Methods

We recruited 33 postmenopausal women with a T-score at lumbar spine or femoral neck between − 1 and − 2.5 SD. Anthropometric and fitness parameters, bone-remodeling markers, OCs, and QoL were evaluated at the time of enrolment, after 1-month run-in period, and after 3 months of weight-bearing and resistance exercise.

Results

After 3 months of training, the pro-collagen type 1 N-terminal peptide (P1NP) and the number of OCs were significantly increased, with no significant increase of the type 1 collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (sCTX). We also observed a significant increase in body height, one-repetition maximum (1RM) on the pull-down lat machine and leg press, and mean VO2max. The increase of immature circulating OCs was significantly correlated with the improvement of 1RM both of the upper and lower limbs. Moreover, QoL was significantly improved with regard to pain, physical function, mental function, and general QoL. The improvement in QoL, namely in the overall score and in the pain score, was significantly correlated with the increase in height.

Conclusions

The exercise program we trialed is able to increase the markers of bone formation and the commitment of immature OCs with no significant increase in the markers of bone resorption. Our results confirm that combined weight-bearing and resistance physical activity is an effective tool to improve QoL of postmenopausal women with low bone mass.

Trial registration

NCT03195517

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Acknowledgements

Miss Helen Walsh is thanked for her editorial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sezione di Medicina Interna e Angiologia, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    L. Pasqualini, S. Ministrini, R. Lombardini, F. Bagaglia, R. Paltriccia, E. Marini, M. D’Abbondanza & M. Pirro

  2. Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    R. Pippi, E. Reginato, E. Sbroma Tomaro & P. De Feo

  3. Rehabilitation Unit, National Health Service of Umbria, Perugia, Italy

    L. Collebrusco

  4. Medicina Interna, Azienda Ospedaliera “S.M. della Misericordia”, Perugia, Italy

    A.M. Scarponi

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  1. L. Pasqualini
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Correspondence to S. Ministrini.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Perugia University, and all study subjects signed an informed consent form to voluntarily participate in this study.

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Pasqualini, L., Ministrini, S., Lombardini, R. et al. Effects of a 3-month weight-bearing and resistance exercise training on circulating osteogenic cells and bone formation markers in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Osteoporos Int 30, 797–806 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-04908-9

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