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Torsion analysis of the anisotropic behavior of FDM technology

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Abstract

Several reports have studied the mechanical properties of the material extrusion additive manufacturing process, specifically referred to as fusion deposition modeling (FDM) developed by Stratasys. As the applications for 3D printed parts continue to grow in diversity (e.g., gears, propellers, and bearings), the loading conditions applied to printed parts have become more complex, and the need for thorough characterization is now paramount for increased adoption of 3D printing. To broaden the understanding of torsional properties, this study focused on the shear strength of specimens to observe the impact from additive manufacturing. A full factorial (42) design of experiments was used, considering the orientation and the raster angle as factors. XYZ, YXZ, ZXY, and XZY levels were considered for the orientation parameter, as well as 0°, 45°, 90°, and 45°/45° for the raster angle parameter. Ultimate shear strength, 0.2% yield strength, shear modulus, and fracture strain were used as response variables to identify the most optimal build parameters. Additionally, stress-strain diagrams are presented to contrast elastic and plastic regions with traditional injection molding. Results demonstrated an interaction of factors in all mechanical measured variables whenever an orientation and a raster angle were applied. Compared to injection molding, FDM specimens were similar for all measured torsion variables except for the fracture strain; this led to the conclusion that the FDM process can fabricate components with similar elastic properties but with less ductility than injection molding. The orientation in YXZ with the raster angle at 00 resulted in the most suitable combination identified in the response optimization analysis.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) within the W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation in collaboration with the Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juarez (Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rapid Prototyping Laboratory, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, 32310, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico

    Cesar Omar Balderrama-Armendariz & David Cortes-Saenz

  2. Advanced Manufacturing Research Center, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, 44455, USA

    Eric MacDonald

  3. W. M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA

    David Espalin & Ryan Wicker

  4. Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ave. del Charro 450 Norte, 32310, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico

    Aide Maldonado-Macias

Authors
  1. Cesar Omar Balderrama-Armendariz
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  2. Eric MacDonald
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  3. David Espalin
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  4. David Cortes-Saenz
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  5. Ryan Wicker
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  6. Aide Maldonado-Macias
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Correspondence to Cesar Omar Balderrama-Armendariz.

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Balderrama-Armendariz, C.O., MacDonald, E., Espalin, D. et al. Torsion analysis of the anisotropic behavior of FDM technology. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 96, 307–317 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1602-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1602-0

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