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Brain damage evaluation via arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Beurteilung einer Hirnschädigung mittels arterieller Spin-Labelling-Perfusions-Bildgebung bei Patienten mit aneurysmatischer Subarachnoidalblutung

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Abstract

Objective

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological condition with an annual incidence of 6–22 per 100,000. Despite many advances in diagnosis, the rates of mortality and morbidity in patients remain high. The most important reason for this is complications accompanied by perfusion changes. The aim of our study was to show the perfusion changes with arterial spin labelling (ASL) after SAH.

Materials and methods

In this prospective study, 23 patients diagnosed with aneurysmal SAH were evaluated by ASL perfusion imaging between days 1–3 and 8–10. The mean signal intensities (SI) of both hemispheres from the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and basal ganglia were measured manually according to the region of interest. The relationship between the SI values calculated for both cerebral hemispheres, complications, and grading scales of the side with more intense (ipsilateral) and less (contralateral) bleeding were evaluated.

Results

There was a significant difference in the ipsilateral/contralateral SI ratio (SIIps/ConBGin) (p = 0.015) among all ASL values, including the basal ganglia between days 0–3 and 8–10. There was a significant negative correlation between ASL parameters and rating scale scores. Additionally, when the SIIps/ConBGinDay0–3 ratio cut-off value was ≤ 0.72, the sensitivity and specificity were 57.1% and 100.0%, respectively, in predicting non-fatal complications, and the sensitivity and specificity in predicting all complications, including death, were 55.6% and 100.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

Global or regional perfusion decrease can be shown using ASL, with or without the development of vasospasm, without the need for exogenous contrast agent use.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel

Eine Subarachnoidalblutung (SAB) ist eine neurologische Erkrankung mit einer jährlichen Inzidenz von 6–22 pro 100.000. Trotz zahlreicher Fortschritte in der Diagnostik sind die Mortalitäts- und Morbiditätsraten bei den Patienten weiterhin hoch. Wichtigster Grund dafür sind Komplikationen, begleitet von Perfusionsänderungen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, Perfusionsänderungen mittels arterieller Spin-Labelling-Bildgebung (ASL) nach SAB darzustellen.

Material und Methoden

In dieser prospektiven Studie wurde bei 23 Patienten mit der Diagnose einer aneurysmatisch bedingten SAB eine Untersuchung mittels ASL-Perfusions-Bildgebung im Zeitraum zwischen Tag 1–3 und 8–10 durchgeführt. Dabei wurden die mittleren Signalintensitäten (SI) beider Hemisphären von der A. cerebi anterior, A. cerebi media und den Basalganglien je nach interessierender Region manuell gemessen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen den SI-Werten, berechnet für beide Hirnhemisphären, Komplikationen und Schweregradskalen der Seite mit intensiverer (ipsilateral) und weniger starker (kontralateral) Blutung wurde beurteilt.

Ergebnisse

Es bestand ein signifikanter Unterschied beim ipsilateralen/kontralateralen Signalintensitätsverhältnis (SIIps/ConBGin; p = 0,015) bei allen ASL-Werten, einschließlich der Basalganglien, zwischen Tag 0–3 und 8–10. Eine signifikante negative Korrelation fand sich zwischen ASL-Parametern und den Werten in der Beurteilungsskala. Außerdem betrug im Fall eines Grenzwerts ≤ 0,72 für das Signalintensitätsverhältnis SIIps/ConBGinDay0–3 die Sensitivität 57,1% und die Spezifität 100,0% für die Vorhersage nichttödlicher Komplikationen, und für die Vorhersage sämtlicher Komplikationen einschließlich Tod lag die Sensitivität bei 55,6% und die Spezifität bei 100,0%.

Schlussfolgerung

Mit der ASL-Bildgebung kann ein globaler oder regionaler Perfusionsabfall mit oder ohne Entwicklung eines Vasospasmus nachgewiesen werden, ohne dass ein exogenes Kontrastmittel eingesetzt werden muss.

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Data availability

Data are available from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

Sinan Erdemi and Şükrü Oğuz were in charge of conceptualization, methodology/study design, formal analysis, supervision and project administration. Sinan Erdemi, Şükrü Oğuz and Aykut Teymur were responsible for validation. Cemal Aydoğan, Onur Bektaş, and Hatice Tayar carried out the investigation and dealt with the resources. Aykut Teymur was responsible for data curation and visualization. Zeynep Aydoğan and Elif M. Bal were responsible for writing the original draft as well as writing–review and editing of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sinan Erdemi M.D..

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Conflict of interest

S. Erdemi, Ş. Oğuz, C. Aydoğan, O. Bektaş, A. Teymur, Z. Aydoğan, E.M. Bal and H. Tayar declare that they have no competing interests.

For this study approval was received from Karadeniz Technical University Clinical Research Ethics Committee with decision numbered 24237859-896 on 20.12.2019.

The supplement containing this article is not sponsored by industry.

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Erdemi, S., Oğuz, Ş., Aydoğan, C. et al. Brain damage evaluation via arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Radiologie 63 (Suppl 2), 98–107 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-023-01228-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-023-01228-2

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