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Neurobiologische Ursachen und psychosoziale Bedingungen individueller Gewalt

Neurobiological and psychosocial causes of individual male violence

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Zusammenfassung

Die Anwendung körperlicher individueller oder kollektiver Gewalt ist ein überwiegend männliches Phänomen, dem ein komplexes Bedingungsgefüge neurobiologischer und psychosozialer Faktoren zugrunde liegt. Dieses Thema spielte in der psychiatrischen Fachliteratur bislang kaum eine Rolle, was verwundert, obwohl die Folgen allseits unübersehbar sind und Aggression ebenso zu den basalen menschlichen Emotionen gehört wie Angst, Depression oder Euphorie.

Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit gibt eine integrative Zusammenfassung epidemiologischer, hirnbiologischer, genetischer, hirnpathologischer, neurobiochemischer/hormoneller, entwicklungspsychologischer und psychosozialer Theorien zu individueller Aggression und Gewalt. Darüber hinaus werden Aspekte des subjektiven Lustgewinns durch Gewalt behandelt sowie der Forschungsstand zur Wirkung von Mediengewalt und Gewalterfahrungen in der Sozialisation zusammengefasst.

Eine bessere Kenntnis des breiten Spektrums dieser intensiv interagierenden neurobiologischen und psychosozialen Komponenten, die zur Gewaltausübung führen, ist nicht nur Vorraussetzung zu einem besseren Verständnis, sondern auch zu einer effektiveren Prävention dieses oft folgenschweren Psychosyndroms.

Summary

Individual and collective acts of violence are mainly a male phenomenon caused by complex interactions of neurobiological and psychosocial factors. Amazingly this topic has not yet played a major role in the clinical psychiatric literature although the disastrous consequences are clearly visible everywhere and although aggression also belongs to the archaic human emotions, such as anxiety, depression and euphoria.

The article gives an integrative overview on epidemiological, neurobiological, genetic, neuropathological, neurochemical/hormonal, developmental and psychosocial theories on aggression and violence, including sociocognitive models, hedonistic aspects of violence, effects of violence in the media and processes of childhood socialization.

Better knowledge of the broad spectrum of these intensively interacting biological and psychosocial components resulting in violence not only improves our understanding of this calamitous psychosyndrome but can also lead to more effective preventive measures.

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  1. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Otto-von-Guerike-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland

    B. Bogerts

  2. Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Deutschland

    B. Bogerts

  3. Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland

    A.M. Möller-Leimkühler

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Bogerts, B., Möller-Leimkühler, A. Neurobiologische Ursachen und psychosoziale Bedingungen individueller Gewalt. Nervenarzt 84, 1329–1344 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-012-3610-x

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