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Effects of bismuth-embedded wood particles on mechanical, physical, and gamma-shielding properties of wood/poly(vinyl chloride) composites

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Abstract

This work determined gamma-shielding, impact strength, water absorption, morphological, and physical properties of wood/poly(vinyl chloride) (WPVC) composites containing varying contents of bismuth (Bi)-embedded wood particles (Bi-wood) for potential utilization as effective gamma-shielding materials. The shielding properties indicated that the abilities of the fabricated WPVC composites to attenuate 0.662 MeV gamma rays emitted from 137Cs were noticeably enhanced by increasing the contents of Bi through the added bismuth chloride (BiCl3), as shown by the increase in the linear attenuation coefficient (µ) and the decrease in the gamma transmission ratio (I/I0), the half value layer (HVL), and the tenth value layer (TVL) of the composites. By comparing the shielding properties of the 2 cm sample in this work with a commercially available shielding material, the recommended wood-to-BiCl3 ratio by weight for the preparation of the Bi-wood was 30:70. Furthermore, the results revealed that the BiCl3 loading generally increased the density and hardness (shore D) but decreased the impact strength and water absorption of the WPVC composites. Lastly, the investigation on gamma aging showed that gamma irradiation generally reduced the impact strength and hardness (Shore D) but barely affected gamma shielding or the color of the samples.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT). V.P. Wood Co., Ltd. (Thailand) provided materials. The Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM) and the Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute (KURDI), Bangkok, Thailand (by grant number FF(KU)25.64) provided publication support. The Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology and the College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (Thailand) provided technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer PROcessing and Flow (P-PROF) Research Group, Division of Materials Technology, School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 10140, Bangkok, Thailand

    Jariyaporn Rakkaew, Narongrit Sombatsompop, Teerasak Markpin & Ekachai Wimolmala

  2. Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand

    Kiadtisak Saenboonruang

  3. Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand

    Kiadtisak Saenboonruang

  4. Special Research Unit of Radiation Technology for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand

    Kiadtisak Saenboonruang

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  1. Jariyaporn Rakkaew
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  2. Narongrit Sombatsompop
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  3. Teerasak Markpin
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  4. Ekachai Wimolmala
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Contributions

Jariyaporn Rakkaew: Sample preparation, Investigation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Visualization, Writing – review & editing. Narongrit Sombatsompop: Resources, Validation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing. Teerasak Markpin: Validation, Writing – review & editing. Ekachai Wimolmala: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing. Kiadtisak Saenboonruang: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft; Writing – review & editing.

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Correspondence to Ekachai Wimolmala or Kiadtisak Saenboonruang.

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Rakkaew, J., Sombatsompop, N., Markpin, T. et al. Effects of bismuth-embedded wood particles on mechanical, physical, and gamma-shielding properties of wood/poly(vinyl chloride) composites. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 80, 1441–1455 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-022-01860-0

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