Abstract
6,6-Dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (6,6-DMABH) is a crucial component in several antiviral medications, such as boceprevir and pf-07321332. To enable more efficient synthesis of 6,6-DMABH, we have developed an innovative approach that utilizes intramolecular cyclopropanation of alpha-diazoacetates via Ru (II) catalysis and the Gabriel synthesis. Gram-scale synthesis of 6,6-DMABH from 3-methyl-2-butenol is achieved in seven distinct steps, resulting in a total yield of 28%.
Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available in the supplementary material of this article.
References
Flefel EM, El Sofany WI, Al Harbi RAK, El Shahat M. Development of a novel series of anticancer and antidiabetic: spirothiazolidines analogs. Molecules. 2019;24:2511–30. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132511.
El Shahat M, El Sofany WI, Soliman AA, Hasanin M. Newly synthesized imidazolotriazole, imidazolotriazine, and imidazole-pyrazole hybrid derivatives as promising antimicrobial agents. J Mol Struct. 2022;1250:131727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131727.
El Sofany WI, El sayed WA, Abd Rabou AA, El Shahat M. Synthesis of new imidazole-triazole-glycoside hybrids as anti-breast cancer candidates. J Mol Struct. 2022;1270:133942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2022:133942.
Abdelhameed RM, Darwesh OM, El Shahat M. Synthesis of arylidene hydrazinylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones as potent anti-microbial agents. Heliyon. 2020;6:e04956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04956.
El Sofany WI, Flefel EM, Darwesh OM, El Shahat M. Boosting the antimicrobial performance based on new fused spirothiazolidine framework analogs. J Iran Chem Soc. 2022;19:4223–36.
Gohl M, Zhang L, El Kilani H, Sun X, Zhang K, Bronstrup M et al. From repurposing to redesign: optimization of boceprevir to highly potent inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Molecules. 2022;27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134292.
Hu Y, Ma C, Szeto T, Hurst B, Tarbet B, Wang J. Boceprevir, calpain inhibitors II and XII, and GC-376 have broad-spectrum antiviral activity against coronaviruses. ACS Infect Dis. 2021;7:586–97. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00761.
Oerlemans R, Ruiz-Moreno AJ, Cong Y, Dinesh Kumar N, Velasco-Velazquez MA, Neochoritis CG, et al. Repurposing the HCV NS3-4A protease drug boceprevir as COVID-19 therapeutics. RSC. Med Chem. 2020;12:370–9. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0md00367k
Joyce RP, Hu VW, Wang J. The history, mechanism, and perspectives of nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332): an orally bioavailable main protease inhibitor used in combination with ritonavir to reduce COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Med Chem Res. 2022;31:1637–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-022-02951-6
Shekhar C, Nasam R, Paipuri SR, Kumar P, Nayani K, Pabbaraja S, et al. Total synthesis of antiviral drug, nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332. Tetrahedron Chem. 2022;4:100033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tchem.2022.100033.
Wang YT, Liao JM, Lin WW, Li CC, Huang BC, Cheng TL. et al. Structural insights into Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332)-3C-like SARS-CoV-2 protease complexation: a ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2022;24:22898–904. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp02882d.
Zhong L, Zhao Z, Peng X, Zou J, Yang S. Recent advances in small-molecular therapeutics for COVID-19. Precis Clin Med. 2022;5:pbac024. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbac024.
Concellon JM, Rodriguez-Solla H, Concellon C, del Amo V. Stereospecific and highly stereoselective cyclopropanation reactions promoted by samarium. Chem Soc Rev. 2010;39:4103–13. https://doi.org/10.1039/b915662c.
de Carne-Carnavalet B, Archambeau A, Meyer C, Cossy J, Folleas B, Brayer JL. et al. Efficient synthesis of substituted 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ones from 2-iodocyclopropanecarboxamides using a copper-free Sonogashira coupling. Chemistry. 2012;18:16716–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201203153.
Ruppel JV, Cui X, Xu X, Zhang XP. Stereoselective intramolecular cyclopropanation of alpha-diazoacetates via Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis. Org Chem Front. 2014;1:515–20. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4QO00041B.
Xu X, Lu H, Ruppel JV, Cui X, Lopez de Mesa S, Wojtas L. et al. Highly asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation of acceptor-substituted diazoacetates by Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis: iterative approach for development of new-generation catalysts. J Am Chem Soc. 2011;133:15292–5. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja2062506.
Berranger T, Demonchaux P. Process for the preparation of 6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo-[3.1.0]-hexanecompounds utilizing bisulfite intermediate. WO 2008082508.
Wu G, Frank CX, Rashatasakhon P, Eckert JM, Wong GSK, Lee HC et al. Process for the preparation of 6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo-[3.1.0]-hexane compounds and enantiomeric salts thereof. WO 2007075790.
Chandgude AL, Ren X, Fasan R. Stereodivergent intramolecular cyclopropanation enabled by engineered carbene transferases. J Am Chem Soc. 2019;141:9145–50. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b02700.
Che CM, Huang JS, Lee FW, Li Y, Lai TS, Kwong HL. et al. Asymmetric inter- and intramolecular cyclopropanation of alkenes catalyzed by chiral ruthenium porphyrins. Synthesis and crystal structure of a chiral metalloporphyrin carbene complex. J Am Chem Soc. 2001;123:4119–29. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja001416f.
Kopka IE, Lin LS, Jewell JP, Lanza TJ, Fong TM, Shen CP. et al. Synthesis and cannabinoid-1 receptor binding affinity of conformationally constrained analogs of taranabant. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010;20:4757–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.127.
Kim K, Hong SH. Iridium-catalyzed single-step N-substituted lactam synthesis from lactones and amines. J Org Chem. 2015;80:4152–6. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5b00101.
Shinozuka T, Yamamoto Y, Hasegawa T, Saito K, Naito S. First total synthesis of sterenins A, C and D. Tetrahedron Lett. 2008;49:1619–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.01.031.
Lan CL, Auclair K. 1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene: an effective catalyst for amide formation by lactone aminolysis. J Org Chem. 2023;88:10086–95. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.3c00913.
Mercado-Marin EV, Chheda PR, Faulkner A, Carrera D. Magnesium ethoxide mediated lactone aminolysis with aminoheterocycles. Tetrahedron Lett. 2020;21:151552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151552.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for financial support provided by the ABA Chemicals Corporation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Y., Ma, Y., Cheng, S. et al. Synthesis of 6,6-Dimethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0]hexane via Ru (II)-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation. Med Chem Res 32, 2501–2504 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-023-03158-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-023-03158-z