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Advances in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury: unraveling the role of innate immunity

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Abstract

Background

Lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a common occurrence in clinical practice and represents a significant complication following pulmonary transplantation and various diseases. At the core of pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury lies sterile inflammation, where the innate immune response plays a pivotal role. This review aims to investigate recent advancements in comprehending the role of innate immunity in LIRI.

Methods

A computer-based online search was performed using the PubMed database and Web of Science database for published articles concerning lung ischemia/reperfusion injury, cell death, damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), innate immune cells, innate immunity, inflammation.

Results

During the process of lung ischemia/reperfusion, cellular injury even death can occur. When cells are injured or undergo cell death, endogenous ligands known as DAMPs are released. These molecules can be recognized and bound by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to the recruitment and activation of innate immune cells. Subsequently, a cascade of inflammatory responses is triggered, ultimately exacerbating pulmonary injury. These steps are complex and interrelated rather than being in a linear relationship. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the immunological mechanisms of LIRI, involving novel types of cell death, the ability of receptors other than PRRs to recognize DAMPs, and a more detailed mechanism of action of innate immune cells in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), laying the groundwork for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Conclusions

Various immune components of the innate immune system play critical roles in lung injury after ischemia/reperfusion. Preventing cell death and the release of DAMPs, interrupting DAMPs receptor interactions, disrupting intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways, and minimizing immune cell recruitment are essential for lung protection in LIRI.

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Availability of data and materials

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82170021).

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  1. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, China

    Qingqing Li & Hanxiang Nie

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HN put forward the idea of the paper and made revisions to the manuscript. QL summarized the relevant research progress and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Li, Q., Nie, H. Advances in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury: unraveling the role of innate immunity. Inflamm. Res. 73, 393–405 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-023-01844-7

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