Abstract
Cathepsin G (CatG) is involved in controlling numerous processes of the innate and adaptive immune system. These features include the proteolytic activity of CatG and play a pivotal role in alteration of chemokines as well as cytokines, clearance of exogenous and internalized pathogens, platelet activation, apoptosis, and antigen processing. This is in contrast to the capability of CatG acting in a proteolytic-independent manner due to the net charge of arginine residues in the CatG sequence which interferes with bacteria. CatG is a double-edged sword; CatG is also responsible in pathophysiological conditions, such as autoimmunity, chronic pulmonary diseases, HIV infection, tumor progression and metastasis, photo-aged human skin, Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome, and chronic inflammatory pain. Here, we summarize the latest findings for functional responsibilities of CatG in immunity, including bivalent regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, which underscore an additional novel role of CatG within the immune system.
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Abbreviations
- APCs:
-
Antigen-presenting cells
- Cat:
-
Cathepsin
- CatG:
-
Cathepsin G
- cDCs:
-
Conventional dendritic cells
- DCs:
-
Dendritic cells
- HIV:
-
Human immunodeficiency virus
- HLA:
-
Human leukocyte antigen
- LF:
-
Lactoferrin
- MHC:
-
Major histocompatibility complex
- NE:
-
Neutrophil elastase
- NETs:
-
Neutrophil extracellular traps
- NK:
-
Natural killer
- PAR:
-
Protease-activated receptor
- PBMCs:
-
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PMSF:
-
Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- SDF1:
-
Stromal cell-derived factor 1
- TCR:
-
T cell receptor
- TGF-β:
-
Transforming growth factor beta
- Th:
-
T helper
- Tregs:
-
T regulatory cells
- Tregs:
-
Thymus-derived natural Tregs
- T1D:
-
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
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Burster, T., Knippschild, U., Molnár, F. et al. Cathepsin G and its Dichotomous Role in Modulating Levels of MHC Class I Molecules. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 68, 25 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-020-00585-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-020-00585-3