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Tuning Catalytic Attributes of Enzymes by Conjugation with Functionalized Carbon Dots

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Abstract

Enzymes are essential biological catalysts that can accelerate multiple reactions. Their outstanding catalytic properties make them highly valuable in different research fields and industries including pharmaceutical, sensing, food, and agriculture. However, the catalytic attributes of free enzymes are limited by their poor stability and resistance to harsh conditions. Recently, the conjugation of different enzymes with carbon dots (CDs) has been explored as a novel strategy for tuning their catalytic properties. CDs possess unique and tunable characteristics such as light stability, electron transfer properties, lower toxicity, cost-efficiency, and outstanding biocompatibility; thus, they represent excellent options for the conjugation of different enzymes to improve their stability, selectivity, and catalytic efficiency. Recently, various CDs-based nano-biocatalysts have been successfully prepared with superior performances compared to their free enzymes. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the most recent reported studies in the synthesis of CDs-based nano-biocatalysts providing an overview of current methodologies and recent research applications. Lastly, we delve into the prospects and the future possibilities of such innovative conjugates that entail an exploration of the faced challenges and their untapped potential for various applications.

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Abbreviations

CDs:

Carbon dots

N-CDs:

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots

GQD:

Graphene quantum dots

g-CNQDs:

Graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots

CQD:

Carbon quantum dots

CNDs:

Carbon nanodots

CPDs:

Carbonized polymer dots

TYR:

Tyrosinase

EDC:

1-Ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide

NHS:

N-Hydroxysuccinimide

DA:

Dopamine

HRP:

Horseradish peroxidase

NP:

Nanoparticle

PCDs:

Phosphate-modified carbon dots

PPL:

Pancreatic lipase

Tyr:

l-Tyrosine methyl ester

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) and Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico under Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI) program awarded to Roberto Parra-Saldívar (CVU: 35753).

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  1. Angelica Cruz-Cruz and Andrea Rivas-Sanchez have contributed equally as First author.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico

    Angelica Cruz-Cruz, Andrea Rivas-Sanchez, Reyna Berenice González-González & Roberto Parra-Saldívar

  2. Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico

    Andrea Rivas-Sanchez, Reyna Berenice González-González & Roberto Parra-Saldívar

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  1. Angelica Cruz-Cruz
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Cruz-Cruz, A., Rivas-Sanchez, A., González-González, R.B. et al. Tuning Catalytic Attributes of Enzymes by Conjugation with Functionalized Carbon Dots. Top Catal (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-024-01911-1

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