Michel parameters for τ decays τ → lνν̄ ( l = e , μ ) in a general two Higgs doublet model with μ − τ flavor violation

In a general two Higgs doublet model (2HDM), the anomaly of muon anomalous magnetic moment (muon g-2) can be explained by μ − τ flavor violating Yukawa couplings, motivated by the recent CMS excess in Higgs boson decay h → μτ . We study Michel parameters for τ decays τ → lνν̄ (l = e, μ) in the 2HDM with the lepton flavor violation, and show that they can be sensitive to the flavor structure as well as the Lorentz and chiral structures of the model. We find that the correction to the Michel parameter ξμ in τ → μνν̄ is correlated to the contribution to the muon g-2, and it can be as large as 10−4 − 10−2 in the parameter region where the μ − τ flavor violating Yukawa couplings explain the muon g-2 anomaly. Therefore the precision measurement of the Michel parameter at the level of 10−4−10−2 would significantly probe the interesting parameter space for the solution to the muon g-2 anomaly.


I. INTRODUCTION
The discovery of a Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1,2] as well as the consistency of almost all low energy experimental results show the remarkable success of the standard model (SM) of elementary particles. On the other hand, the theoretical understanding of the Higgs sector is still poor. There are no apparent theoretical reason that the Higgs sector has to have the simplest structure (one Higgs doublet) in contrast to the matter sector which has three generation structure.
Therefore, the extended Higgs sector would deserve to be studied to make a deep understanding of the nature of Higgs sector.
One of simple extensions of the SM Higgs sector is a two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) 1 , where one more Higgs doublet is added into the SM. In a general 2HDM where both Higgs doublets couple to all fermions 2 , flavor violating phenomena mediated by the Higgs bosons are predicted [9]. Without any experimental supports, such a flavor violation beyond the SM has been considered to be problematic [10][11][12][13].
However, the CMS collaboration has reported an excess in a flavor violating Higgs boson decay h → µτ at √ s = 8 TeV [14], and the best fit value of the branching ratio is BR(h → µτ ) = (0.84 +0.39 −0.37 ) %, (1) and the deviation from the SM prediction is 2.4σ. Recently, the CMS collaboration reported a result based on an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb −1 at √ s = 13 TeV and no excess is observed [15], but it is not sensitive enough to exclude the 8 TeV result.
The ATLAS collaboration has also reported their results [16,17] and the current best fit value of the branching ratio is which is consistent with the SM prediction as well as the CMS result shown above.
Although the origin of the excess is not conclusive yet and more data are needed, the CMS excess in the flavor violating Higgs boson decay becomes a good motivation to study the flavor violating phenomena predicted in the 2HDM and multi-Higgs doublet model 3 .
In the scenario where the 2HDM with µ − τ flavor violation can resolve both anomalies, we have studied some predictions and constraints in µ and τ -physics [40]. Especially we have found that the correction to the decay rate of τ → µνν is correlated to the correction to the muon g-2, and hence the precise measurement of the τ decay τ → lνν (l = e, µ) is important to probe the scenario.
In this paper, we study Michel parameters for τ decays τ → lνν (l = e, µ) in a general 2HDM with the lepton flavor violation. The Michel parameters in the leptonic decays l → l ′ νν has been studied, for example, in [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53], and within the framework of the 2HDM [11,[54][55][56][57][58]. However, the effect of the lepton flavor violation on the Michel parameters has not been well studied. Therefore, we analyze the corrections to the Michel parameters in τ decays τ → lνν (l = e, µ) for the 2HDM in the presence of the lepton flavor violation. We stress that the precise measurement of the Michel parameters would have a sensitivity not only to the Lorentz and chiral structures but also to the flavor structure of the new physics models. Furthermore, we calculate the size of the corrections to the Michel parameters in the scenario where the muon g-2 anomaly is explained by the µ − τ flavor violation in the 2HDM, and show that it can be as large as 10 −4 − 10 −2 . We also find that there is an interesting correlation between the corrections to the Michel parameter ξ µ in τ → µνν and the muon g-2, independent of the value of BR(h → µτ ). Therefore, the precise measurement of the Michel parameter at the level of 10 −4 − 10 −2 would significantly test the scenario. This paper is organized as follows. In section II, we briefly review a general 2HDM. In section III, we study Michel parameters for τ decays τ − → l − νν (l = e, µ) in a general 2HDM with lepton flavor violation. Especially we show that the Michel parameters can be sensitive to the flavor structure as well as the Lorentz and chiral structures of the model. In section IV, we show the predicted values of the correction to the Michel parameter ∆ξ µ in the scenario where the muon g-2 anomaly can be explained by the µ − τ flavor violation in the 2HDM. In section V, we summarize our results.

II. GENERAL TWO HIGGS DOUBLET MODEL
We briefly review a two Higgs doublet model. In a two Higgs doublet model, both neutral components of Higgs doublets get vacuum expectation values (vevs) in general. Taking a certain linear combination, we can always consider a basis (so called Georgi basis or Higgs basis [59,60], and see also, for example, [61][62][63][64][65]) where only one of the Higgs doublets has the vev as follows: where G + and G are Nambu-Goldstone bosons, and H + and A are a charged Higgs boson and a CP-odd Higgs boson, respectively. We have assumed that the CP is conserved in the Higgs potential for simplicity. CP-even neutral Higgs bosons φ 1 and φ 2 can mix and form mass eigenstates, h and H (m H > m h ), Here θ βα is the mixing angle.
Without imposing an extra symmetry, both Higgs doublets couple to all fermions.
In mass eigenbasis for the fermions, the lepton Yukawa interactions are expressed by where i, j represent flavor indices, We have assumed the seesaw mechanism with super-heavy right-handed neutrinos to explain the smallness of neutrino masses. The Yukawa coupling matrix ρ ij e is a general 3×3 complex matrix and can be a source of the Higgs-mediated flavor violating processes. Although we only show Yukawa couplings in lepton sector, the Yukawa couplings in quark sector are understood similarly.
In mass eigenstates of Higgs bosons, the lepton Yukawa interactions are given by where where c βα ≡ cos θ βα and s βα ≡ sin θ βα , and m i e = y i e v/ √ 2. Note that when c βα = 0 (s βα = 1), the Yukawa interactions of h are equal to those of the SM Higgs boson.
In general, however, there are flavor-violating interactions for h through the Higgs mixing c βα . On the other hand, when c βα is small, the Yukawa interactions of heavy Higgs bosons (H, A, and H + ) mainly come from the ρ e couplings.
A scalar potential in the general 2HDM is given by From this potential, one can calculate the relations among Higgs boson masses, and especially when c βα is close to zero (or λ 6 ∼ 0), the relations are simplified as Fixing the couplings λ i , the heavy Higgs boson masses are parametrized by the CPodd Higgs boson mass m A , which we treat as a free parameter of the model. We note that a dangerous contribution to Peskin-Takeuchi's T-parameter (ρ parameter) [66] are suppressed by the degeneracy between m A and m H + as well as the small Higgs mixing parameter c βα [67]. Therefore, we set λ 4 = λ 5 = 0.5 in our analysis, so that it guarantees the degeneracy between the CP-odd Higgs and charged Higgs bosons In the 2HDM, charged Higgs boson interactions also induce τ decays τ − → l − νν at the tree level. Therefore, the detail study of the τ decays is interesting to see the new physics effect. For an initial τ − lepton polarization P τ , the final l − distribution (l = e, µ) in the τ rest frame of τ − → l − νν decay is given in terms of Michel parameters ρ l , η l , ξ l and δ l [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]: where G F l is an effective Fermi constant for τ − → l − νν process, and θ l is the angle between the τ − spin and the final l − momentum, w is the maximum l − energy (w = m 2 τ +m 2 l 2mτ ), and x = E l /w and x 0 = m l /w where E l and m l are energy and mass for the lepton l (l = e, µ), respectively. Here we have assumed neutrino masses are negligible. The decay rate for τ − → l − νν is expressed by where y l = m 2 l m 2 τ , f (y) = 1 − 8y + 8y 3 − y 4 − 12y 2 log y, and g(y) = 1 + 9y − 9y 2 − y 3 + 6y(1 + y) log y.
In the 2HDM, the effective Fermi constant G F l and the Michel parameters for τ − → l − νν are expressed by Here the corrections ∆ l 1 and ∆ l 2 are defined by where m H + is the charged Higgs boson mass. Since the flavor of neutrinos and antineutrinos are not detected in the measurement, we have taken a sum of the flavor of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos in the final state. Thus we expect the deviation from the SM prediction in ξ l and η l , where ξ SM = 1 and η SM = 0 for the standard model values.
We note that if there are only flavor-conserving interactions assuming CP conservation for simplicity, the ∆ l 1 and ∆ l 2 are related: so that |∆ξ µ | ≫ |∆η µ | 6 . Therefore we stress that the precise measurement of various Michel parameters are very important to understand not only the Lorentz and chiral structure but also the flavor structure of the new physics models.
Experiments have performed a test of lepton flavor universality by measuring the following quantity: where f (y) is the same function shown in Eq. (11). The current world average [68] is g µ g e τ = 1.0018 ± 0.0014. (19) In the 2HDM, this quantity is given by where γ(y l ) = g(y l )/f (y l ). Therefore, the measurement of the lepton flavor universality is sensitive to the non-universality of the effective Fermi constant G F l (in other word, ∆ l 1 ) as well as the parameter η l (∆ l 2 ). Especially, in the case with negligible η l (∆ l 2 ) as shown in Eq. (17), the correction to the lepton non-universality is 6 When the ρ µτ (τ µ) e flavor violating Yukawa couplings are dominant, the flavors of neutrino and anti-neutrino in the final state are different from those of the SM contribution. Therefore, there is no interference between the SM and charged Higgs contributions.
sensitive to the lepton flavor violation [40] and it is related to the correction to the Michel parameter ξ µ ; Since ∆ξ µ < 0, (g µ /g e ) τ > 1 in this scenario.

IV. CORRELATION BETWEEN CORRECTIONS TO MUON G-2 AND
MICHEL PARAMETER ξ µ In Refs. [39,40], we have found that the anomaly of muon g-2 can be explained by µ −τ flavor violating Yukawa interactions in a general 2HDM, which is motivated by the CMS excess in the Higgs boson decay h → µτ [14]. It will be interesting to see how large correction to the Michel parameters one can get in the parameter space where the muon g-2 anomaly is explained.
In an upper figure of Fig. 1 anomaly and to maximize its size, we have assumed ρ µτ e = −ρ τ µ e , as discussed in Ref. [40]. As shown in Eq. (17), ∆ µ 1 is always positive and hence ∆ξ µ is negative. As one can see from the upper figure of Fig. 1, there is an interesting correlation between the corrections to the muon g-2 and the Michel parameter ∆ξ µ in τ → µνν decay, that is almost independent of the value of BR(h → µτ ). This is in contrast to the prediction of τ → µγ which depends on the value of BR(h → µτ ) [40]. In the lower figure of Fig. 1, as the charged Higgs boson gets heavier, the predicted correction to the Michel parameter |∆ξ µ | becomes larger in the parameter region where the 7 As shown in Ref. [40], many of ρ e Yukawa couplings are strongly constrained in this scenario. Therefore, we simply neglect the others to focus on the effect of ρ  Refs. [39,40], we have pointed out that the µ−τ flavor violating Yukawa interactions can resolve the muon g-2 anomaly, and in Ref. [40], the correction to the decay rate of τ → µνν process is correlated to the contribution to the muon g-2 induced by the µ − τ lepton flavor violating Yukawa interactions.
In this paper, we have studied the Michel parameters for the τ decays τ − → l − νν in a general 2HDM with lepton flavor violation, whose effect on the Michel parameters had not been well studied. We have shown that the precise measurement of the Michel parameters is sensitive to the flavor structure as well as the Lorentz and chiral structure of the model. Especially in the parameter region where the muon g-2 anomaly is explained by the µ − τ flavor violating Yukawa couplings, the correction to the Michel parameter |∆ξ µ | can be as large as 10 −4 − 10 −2 and it is correlated to the correction to the muon g-2, independent of the predicted value of BR(h → µτ ). Therefore, the precision measurement of the Michel parameters at the level of 10 −4 − 10 −2 would be crucial to probe the scenario where the µ − τ flavor violating Yukawa couplings explain the anomaly of the muon g-2.