Holographic four-point functions in Toda field theories in AdS2

We consider Toda field theories in a classical Euclidean AdS2 background. We compute the four-point functions of boundary operators in the a1, a2 and b2 Toda field theories. They take the same form as the four-point functions of generators in the corresponding W\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \mathcal{W} $$\end{document}-algebras. Therefore we conjecture that the boundary operators are in one-to-one correspondence with the generators in the W\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \mathcal{W} $$\end{document}-algebras.


Introduction
Among two-dimensional field theories, integrable field theories distinguish themselves by the existence of an infinite number of conserved charges. In flat spacetime, two basic consequences of higher conservation laws are the absence of particle production and factorization of the higher-point S-matrix [1][2][3][4]. Since a Lax pair is in general hard to find, no tree-level particle production is regarded as an important sign of classical integrability, and it is a useful strategy for building classically integrable theories [2,[5][6][7][8].
It is natural to wonder what one can say about integrable field theories in other twodimensional spacetimes. The AdS 2 case is of particular interest since it is maximally symmetric and has applications related to the AdS/CFT correspondence [9][10][11]. S-matrix cannot be defined in AdS spacetime due to the periodicity of particle orbits and the timelike boundary. The AdS analogs of the flat space S-matrix elements are boundary correlation functions which can be obtained as a limit of bulk correlation functions. In the weak coupling regime, they can be computed by Witten diagrams. Such observables in AdS 2 can be used to define a set of correlation functions in a one-dimensional conformal theory [12]. Due to the existence of infinitely many conservation laws, it is intuitive to expect there should be something special about boundary correlation functions in integrable field theories.
In this paper we focus on four-point functions of boundary operators in Toda field theories in a classical AdS 2 background. Unlike previous efforts devoted to the correlation JHEP04(2019)159 functions of the vertex operators, we are interested in the boundary operators obtained by pushing bulk scalar fields to the conformal boundary. The conformal dimensions of the boundary operators are related to the masses of the bulk fields. The potentials of Toda field theories in flat space do not have a stable minimum. When a Toda field theory is put in an arbitrary Riemann surface, the scalar fields need to couple to curvature in order to preserve integrability. Since the AdS 2 spacetime or its Euclidean version has a negative constant scalar curvature, the potential acquires a minimum and the scalar fields become massive. The spectrum of the theory is determined by the set of exponents of the associated Lie algebra. We compute the tree-level four-point functions in Toda field theories with the Lie algebras a 1 , a 2 and b 2 . Adding up contributions from the exchange Witten diagrams and contact Witten diagrams, the final expressions are rather simple. Indeed, they are related to the four-point functions of generators in W-algebra in the limit of large central charge.
This paper is organized as follows. In section 2 we briefly review Toda field theories in AdS 2 . In section 3, we present in detail the calculation of four-point functions in the a 1 , a 2 and b 2 Toda field theories. Conclusions are given in section 4. Some reducedD-functions used in the calculation are collected in appendix A.

Toda field theories in AdS 2
The action of a Toda field theory associated with a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras g of rank r in an Euclidean AdS 2 (hyperbolic plane) is given by where α i are simple roots of g and φ is an r-component scalar field. We consider an AdS 2 with unit radius. The metric in Poincaré coordinates is Then the scalar curvature R = −2. In the classical theory if Q = 2β −1 ρ ∨ with the dual Weyl vector ρ ∨ satisfying α i · ρ ∨ = 1, i = 1, 2, . . . , r, Therefore the theory is classically integrable because the flat space theory has a Lax pair. The vector Q needs to be modified at quantum level [14]. In this paper we mainly focus on classical aspects of the theory so we simply set Q = 2β −1 ρ ∨ .

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Lie algebra Conformal dimensions a n 2, 3, . . . , n + 1 b n 2, 4, . . . , 2n c n 2, 4, . . . , 2n d n 2, 4, . . . , 2n − 2, n e 6  The coefficients n i can be chosen arbitrarily through shifts in the scalar fields. If we require that the potential minimized at φ = 0, then (2.6) The mass spectrum can be obtained by calculating the eigenvalues of the matrix i n i α a i α b i . In the standard holographic dictionary, the mass of a scalar field φ a can be expressed as where ∆ a is the conformal dimension of the boundary operator dual to φ a . The spectrum of conformal dimensions coincides with the set of exponents plus one or equivalently degrees of fundamental adjoint-invariant polynomials of the corresponding Lie algebra. The sets of these values are given in table 1.
Interestingly, the spins of generators in the W-algebras are also equal to the exponents of the Lie algebras plus one, which implies that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the boundary operators and generators in the W-algebras. We will check this conjecture by computing the tree-level four-point correlation functions of boundary operators in the next section.
As some concrete examples, the potentials of Toda field theories with Lie algebras of rank 1 and 2 are given by 3 Four-point functions in Toda field theories

Witten diagrams in AdS 2
We now briefly review some basic ingredients of Witten diagrams in AdS 2 . Witten diagrams are Feynman diagrams built from bulk-to-bulk propagators and bulk-to-boundary propagators. The bulk-to-bulk propagator of a scalar with mass m 2 = ∆(∆ − 1) is given by The bulk-to-boundary propagator is given by To get correlation functions for normalized operators whose two-point functions have unit coefficient, every external line has to be multiplied by a factor C −1/2 ∆ . For instance, an n-point contact diagram takes the form where ∆ i , i = 1, . . . , n, are conformal dimensions of the external operators. The expression for n = 3 can be found in [26] W contact We shall concentrate on tree-level four-point functions in Toda field theories. The contact Witten diagrams generated by quartic interactions can be written in terms of the D-functions [27][28][29] defined as It is convenient to work with the reducedD-functions which are functions of the cross-ratio (not to confuse with the same symbol used for AdS 2 coordinate) They are defined by extracting a kinematic factor with Σ = 4 i=1 ∆ i /2.D-functions with integer indices can be evaluated recursively by using the identities in [30]. We list some of theD-functions in appendix A.
We also need to consider exchange Witten diagrams mediated by the cubic interactions. An s-channel exchange Witten diagram can be written as where ∆ E is the conformal dimension of the exchange operator. In the special case when k = (∆ 1 + ∆ 2 − ∆ E )/2 is a positive integer, this diagram can be written as a sum of D-functions [31] where the standard Pochhammer symbol (a) b = Γ(a + b)/Γ(a) is used.

a 1 theory
We start with the Liouville (a 1 Toda) field theory. The potential is given in (2.8). The scalar field with m 2 = 2 corresponds to a boundary operator with conformal dimension ∆ = 2. The tree-level four-point function receives contributions from a quartic contact diagram and exchange diagrams in s-, t-and u-channels. We have where we have used (3.10) to write exchange diagrams in terms of D-functions. Using the explicit expressions for theD-functions given in appendix A, we get and thus (3.13) This looks like the connected part of a four-point function of the stress-tensor operators T in the Virasoro algebra up to an overall coefficient, although it is a one-dimensional correlation function. Furthermore, the disconnected parts of both four-point functions also take the same form.
Taking into account carefully the overall coefficient, the central charge c of Virasoro algebra is related to the β by c = 48πβ −2 and O(x) corresponds to − 2/cT (w). This is consistent with tree-level three-point function computing by (3.5) (3.14) The central charge of Liouville theory in our convention is In the classical limit c a 1 → 48πβ −2 . One can expect that at the quantum level the central charge c of Virasoro algebra is equal to the central charge of Liouville theory. If this conjecture is true, n-point functions beyond tree-level can be obtained from correlation functions of the stress-tensor operators T (w i ).

a 2 theory
We now turn to the a 2 theory. The boundary operators have conformal dimensions ∆ 1 = 2 and ∆ 2 = 3, which are equal to the spins of generators in the algebra W(2, 3). The notation W(2, s 1 , s 2 , . . .) means that the algebra is generated by primary currents W (s i ) of spins s i together with the Virasoro generator T of spin 2.

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The four-point function of four O 1 is the same as (3.13). The other independent four-point functions are and  19) JHEP04(2019)159 one find the tree-level four-point functions (3.16) and (3.17) correspond to the order c contributions to (3.18) and (3.19) respectively. The disconnected pieces of the four-point functions correspond to the order c 2 contributions. Therefore, we get the expected correspondence. This correspondence provides a useful way to obtain higher-point functions, because correlation functions of W-currents and stress-tensor T can be computed by using recursion relations derived in [24].

b 2 theory
Finally we consider the b 2 theory. The conformal dimensions of the boundary operators are ∆ 1 = 2 and ∆ 2 = 4. The tree-level four-point functions are  (3.13).
As an application of the conjectured correspondence, we now demonstrate how to compute (3.22) using recursion relations. The operator product expansion of two spin-4 currents W (4) in the algebra W(2, 4) can be found in [32][33][34][35][36], and in the large central charge limit we have (3.23)

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Following similar analysis in [24], we have the recursion relation Using the correspondence O 1 ∼ − 2/cT and O 2 ∼ − 4/cW (4) , we get The three-point functions can be obtained by use of (3.5) .

(3.27)
Plugging them into (3.25) one immediately obtain the expected result (3.22). It is reasonable to expect that higher-point functions can be obtained in the same way.

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There are crossing relations Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.