Skip to main content
Log in

The hastings file: A search for solutions (Frank and the Artificial Heart Programme)

  • Milestones in Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Bibliography

  1. Akutsu T, Kolff WJ.Permanent substitutes for valves and hearts. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1958;4: 230–5.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Aldrich JG, Chambers JA, Norman JCet al. A totally implantable electrically-actuated left ventricular assist device (LVAD): in-vivo testing. Proc 26th Ann Conf on Engineering in Med & Biol 1973: 330.

  3. Analytical Report on six studies basic to consideration of the Artificial Heart Program. III: Program Recommendations. Baltimore, Maryland: Hittman Associates, August 1966.

  4. Analytical report on six studies basic to consideration of the Artificial Heart Program. II: Technology survey for Artificial Heart Devices. Baltimore, Maryland: Hittman Associates, July 1966.

  5. Anfinson C.Principles that govern the folding of protein chains. Science 1973;181: 223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Annas GJ.Allocation of artificial hearts in the year 2002: Minerva vs National Health Agency. Cardiovasc Dis, Bull Texas Heart Inst 1978;5: 187–203.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Asimov I.Fantastic voyage. New York: Bantam Books, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bibliography and references for studies basic to consideration of artificial heart research and development program: final report. Connecticut: Hamilton Standard, February 1966.

  9. Blumberg MS, Gardiner KW, Lyman DJ, Newgad PM,Artificial heart devices and systems: A conceptual phase study. California: Stanford Res Inst, January 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bounds D, Wald G.Reaction of the Rhodopsin chromophore with sodium borohydride. Nature 1965;205: 254–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bronowski J.The Ascent of Man. Boston, Atlantic: Little Brown, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bronowski J.The Visionary eye. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Brown PK, Wald G.Visual pigments in single rods and cones of the human retina. Direct measurements reveal mechanism of human night and color vision. Science 1964;144: 45–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cardiac Replacement. A report by ad hoc Task Force on Cardiac Replacement. October 1966.

  15. Cooley D, Akutsu T, Norman JC, Serrato MA, Frazier OH.Total artificial heart in two-staged cardiac transplantation. Cardiovasc Dis, Bull Texas Heart Inst 1981;8: 305–19.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Cournand A.Measurement of cardiac output in man using right heart catheterization: description of technique, discussion of validity and of place in study of circulation. Fed Proc 1945;4: 207–12.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Cournand A, Riley RL, Breed ES, Baldwin E de F, Richards DW.Measurement of cardiac output in man using techniques of catheterization of right auricle or ventricle. J Clin Invest 1945;24: 106–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Crichton M.The Terminal Man. New York: Bantam Books, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dale HH, Schuster EHJ.A double perfusion pump. J Physiol 1928;64: 356–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Demikhov VP. In: Haigh B, Ed.Experimental transplantation of vital organs. Moscow: Medgiz, 1960: 212–3.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Devries WC, Joyce LD.The Artificial Heart. Clin Symposia 1983;35: 4–32.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Summary and conclusions of the Artificial Heart Program: final report. Boston: Massachusetts, Children's Hosp Med Center, January 1966.

  23. Fuqua JM, Hibbs CW, Poirier VLet al.Development and evaluation of electrically-actuated abdominal left ventricular assist systems for long-term use. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1981;81: 718.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Fuqua JM, Hibbs CW, Poirier VLet al. Projected design of a clinically-oriented, electrically-actuated, long-term intracorporeal (abdominal) left ventricular assist device (THI “E-type” ALVAD). Proc AAMI 13th Ann Meeting, 1958: 101.

  25. Galletti P. (Preface) In: Boretos JW, Eden M eds.Contemporary Biomaterials: material and host response clinical applications, new technology and legal aspects. Noyes, 1984.

  26. Galletti P, Boretos J.Report on the consensus development conference on “Clinical Applications of Biomaterials”. J Biomed Matl Res 1983;17: 539–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Harvey RJ, Robinson TC, Bernhard WF, Norman JC, van Someren L, Lafarge CG.Evaluation of the rankine steam cycle as a power source for a portable artificial heart. In: Fogen LJ, George GW, eds. Progress in Biomedical Engineering. Washington: Spartan Books, 1967: 259–69.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hastings FW, Holter JW, Potter WH.Artificial intracorporeal heart. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1961;7: 323.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hastings FW.Blood/material interface problems confronting artificial heart development. Advances in Chemistry series 1968;87: 175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Hastings FW, Janus PS.Proposed master plan for an artificial heart system development program. NIH, February 15, 1965; Revised June 18, 1965.

  31. Hastings FW, Santos OA, Potter WH.Development of a synthetic heart. Arch Surg 1963;86: 517.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Hastings FW.Foreseeable problems in the development of an artificial intracorporeal heart. Proc 17th Ann Conf on Engineering in Med & Biol, November 1964.

  33. Hastings FW.Mechanical devices to assist the failing heart part II: diaphragm pumps. Nat Acad of Science, Nat Research Council, 1966.

  34. Hastings FW, Holter JW, Potter WH.A progress report on the development of a synthetic intracorporeal blood pump. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1962;8: 116.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hastings FW, Holter JW.A progress report on the development of an artificial heart. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation 1963;1: 359.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Hastings FW, Holter JW, Potter WH.A progress report on the development of a synthetic intracorporeal blood pump. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1962;8: 517.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hastings SG.The part education should play in providing for a warless world and international justice. 1923.

  38. Hibbs CW, Igo SR, Fuqua JMet al.Hemodynamic observations in man during ventricular fibrillation with intracorporeal left ventricular assist device support. Clin Res 1976;24: 518A.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Hood WB Jr,Molokhia FA, Huffman FN, Asiamacopoulos PJ, Norman JC.Experimental hemodynamic studies two years after implantation of a nuclear power source for an artificial heart. Am J Cardiol 1970;16: 638.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Huffman FN, Hagen KG, Whalen RL, Fuqua JM, Norman JC.Intracorporeal heat dissipation from a radioisotope-powered artificial heart. Cardiovasc Dis, Bull Texas Heart Inst (Suppl 1) 1974;1: 343.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Huffman FN, Hagen KG, Daly BDT, Migliore JJ, Norman JC.Nuclear-fueled circulatory support systems: statte of the arts. In: Norman JN, ed. Coronary Artery Medicine and Surgery: Conepts and Controversies. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1975: 1041–56.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Kantrowitz A, Kantrowitz A.Experimental augmentation of coronary flow by retardation of the arterial pressure pulse. Surgery 1953;34: 678–87.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kolff WJ.Artificial organs-forty years and beyond. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1983;20: 6–24.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Kisserow BK.Use of a magnetic field to remotely power an implantable blood pump. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1960;6: 292.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Lemann N.The fast tract-Texans and other strivers. New York, London: WW Norton & Company, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  46. McCabe S.Pump for replacement of the heart. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1959;5: 289.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Mechanically Assisted Circulation. Report of the NHLBI Advisory Council working group on circulatory assistance and the artificial heart, August 1980.

  48. Mechanically Assisted Circulation. The status of the NHLBI program and recommendations for the future. Report of the Cardiology Advisory Committee, May 1977.

  49. Molokhia FA, Huffman FN, Robinson WJ, Asiamacopoulos PJ, Ponn RB, Norman JC.Left ventricular assist devices in the calf: anesthesia, ventilation, antiarrhythmic regimen and implanation. In: Harmison LT ed. Research Animals in Medicine. USPHS Dept HEW (NIH) 1973: 383–92.

  50. Molokhia FA, Robinson WJ, Huffman FA, Norman JC.Observations on chromosomal morphology during simulated intracorporeal radiation from nuclear powered artificial hearts. In: Harmison LT, Ed. Research Animals in Medicine. USPHS Dept HEW (NIH) 1973: 911–8.

  51. Monmeron A, Blobel G, Palade GE.Fractionation of the nucleus by divalent cations. Isolation of nuclear membranes: J Cell Biol 1972;5: 104–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Naifeh JG, Thompson PA, Johnson MD, Hibbs CW, Fuqua JM, Norman JC.Performance of an abdominal left ventricular assist device during induced tachycardias and dysrhythmias. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976;72: 175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Norman JC. ALVAD: 1980. A comprehensive report to NHLBI. Annual Technical Progress Report, National Technical Information Service, 1980.

  54. Norman JC.The Artificial heart: perspective, prospects and problems of a high applied technology. Cardiology Digest 1976: 9–13.

  55. Norman JC.Hemodynamic effects of ALVAD pumping in man. Topical Report to NHLBI 1976.

  56. Norman JC.An intracorporeal (abdominal) left ventricular assist device, XXII: precis and state-of-the-art. Cardiovasc Dis, Bull Texas Heart Inst 1975;2: 425.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Norman JC.An Intracorporeal partial artificial heart or abdominal left ventricular assist device (LAVAD): initial clinical trials in nineteen patients. Proc Devices and Tech Branch Contractors Conf 1978: 38.

  58. Norman JC.Intracorporeal partial artificial hearts (L): initial clinical trials. Topical Report to NHLBI, 1977.

  59. Norman JC.Intracorporeal partial artificial hearts: initial results in ten patients. Artif Organs 1977;1: 41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Norman JC.Mechanical circulatory assistance and replacement: an evolving perspective. In: Fishman AP, ed. Heart Failure. Washington: Hemisphere, 1978: 317–34.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Norman JC.Mechanical ventricular assistance. In: Glenn WWL, ed. Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Norman JC.Notes of a resident-watcher (editorial). Cardiovasc Dis, Bull Texas Heart Inst 1978;5: 211.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Norman JC.Partial artificial hearts. Mechanical cloning of the ventricle. Artif Organs 1978;2: 235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Norman JC.Prognostic indices during post-cardiotomy intra-aortic ballon pumping: methods of scoring (0–16) and classification (A-C) with implications for left ventricular assist device utilization. Topical Report to NHLBI 1977: 47.

  65. Norman JC.The responsibility of the university. Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Med Soc 1972;35: 117.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Norman JC.The responsibility of the university and its medical schools (editorial). Cardiovasc Dis, Bull Texas Heart Inst 1976;3: 6.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Norman JC.The role of assist devices in managing low cardiac output. In: McGoon D, ed., Cardiac Surgery. Philadelphia: FA Davis Co., 1982: 205–35.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Norman JC, Bernhard WF.Criteria, protocols and reporting forms for initial left ventricular assist device clinical trials. Cardiovas Dis, Bull Texas Heart Inst 1975;3: 438–59.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Norman JC.An intracorporeal (abdominal) left ventricular assist device (ALVAD), XXX: clinical readiness and initial trials in man. Cardiovasc Dis, Bull Texas Heart Inst 1976;3: 249–88.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Norman JC.Notes of a surgical mentor watcher: random recollections of admonitions and aphorisms. Cardiovasc Dis, Bull Texas Heart Inst 1979;6: 131–6.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Norman JC, Cooley DA, Kahan BDet al.Total support of the circulation of a patient with post-cardiotomy stone heart syndrome by a partial artificial heart (ALVAD) for 5 days followed by heart and kidney transplantation. Lancet 1978;1: 1125.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Norman JC, Covelli VH, Bernhard WF, Spira J.An implantable nuclear fuel capsule for an artificial heart. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1968;14: 204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Norman JC, Covelli VH, McCandless WJC, Bernhard WF.Feasibility of implantable Pu-238 power sources for circulatory assist devices. Circulation (Supp) 1967;36: 200.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Norman JC, Duncan JM, Frazier OHet al.Intracorporeal (abdominal) left ventricular assist devices or partial artificial hearts: a five year clinical experience. Arch Surg 1981;116: 1441–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Norman JC, Harmison LT, Huffman FN.Nuclear-fueled circulatory support systems. Arch Surg 1972;105: 645.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Norman JC, LaFarge CG, Harvey RJ, Robinson TC, van Someren LO, Bernhard WF.Heat dissipation: a common denominator of implantable power sources for cardiac prostheses. Surg Forum 1966;17: 162.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Norman JC, Molokhia FA, Harmison LT, Whalen RL, Huffman FN.An implantable nuclear-fueled circulatory support system I: systems analysis of conception, design, fabrication and initial in vivo testing. Ann Surg 1972;176: 492.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Norman JC, Sandberg GW, Huffman FN.Current concepts: implantable nuclear-powered cardiac pacemakers. N Engl J Med 1970;283: 1203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Ponn RB, Molokhia FA, Huffman FN, Curtis GW, Norman JC.Abdominal implants of strontium 90-americium 241/beryllium sources: simulation of radiation fields from nuclear-powered artificial hearts. Arch Surg 1971;103: 701.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Reeves TJ, Blinks JR, Cox JRet al.Mechanically assisted circulation: the status of the NHLBI progaam and recommendations for the future. Cardiovasc Dis, Bull Texas Heart Inst 1977;4: 343–62

    Google Scholar 

  81. Richards DW.Cardiac output by catheterization technique in various clinical conditions. Fed Proc 1945;4: 215–20.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Salisbury PF.Implantation of physiological machines into the mammalian organism. Identification of problems connected with the implantation of artificial heart and of artificial kidneys. Experimental results to dates (Presidential Address). Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1957;3: 37.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Sandberg GW Jr,Huffman FN, Norman JC.Experimental observations of intracorporeal strontium 90-americium 241/beryllium sources simulating radiation fields from nuclear-powered artificial hearts. Ann Thorac Surg 1970;9: 401.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Santos OA, Hastings FW, Mazuji MK.Effectiveness of silicone as an abdominal drain. Arch Surg 1962;84: 643.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Schwartz H, Caplan AL.Pacing the artificial hearts. The New York Times, August 17, 1984.

  86. Simionescu N, Simionescu M, Palade GE.Permeability of intestinal capillaries. Pathyway followed by dextrans and glycogens. J Cell Biol 1972;53: 365–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Simionescu N, Simionescu M, Palade GE.Permeability of muscle capillaries to exogenous myoglobin. J Cell Biol 1973;57: 424–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Six studies basic to consideration of the Artificial Heart Program: Summary Report. Baltimore, Maryland: Hittman Associates, February 1966.

  89. Studies basic to the consideration of artificial heart research and development: Final Report, definition of proposed research and development program. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Westinghouse Electric Corp. January 1966.

  90. Studies basic to the consideration of artificial heart research and development program. San Diego, California: Convair Div of General Dynamics, January 1966.

  91. Studies basic to the consideration of artificial heart research and development program. Everett. Massachusetts: AVCO Everett Res Lab. January 1966.

  92. Surgeon (Hastings) predicts synthetic heart model within 10 years. The Knoxville Journal, November 15, 1963.

  93. Taniuchi H, Anfinsen CB.The amino acid sequence of an extracellular nuclease of S. aureus. Linear order of the fragments produced by cleavage with cyanogen bromide. J Biol Chem 1966;241: 4366–85.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Anfinsen CB, Sodja A.The amino acid sequence of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides. J Biol Chem 1967;242: 4736–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Anfinsen CB, Sodja A.Complete amino acid sequence. J Biol Chem 1967;242: 4752–58.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. The totally implantable artificial heart. A report of the artificial heart assessment panel of the national heart and lung institute. DHEW, June 1973.

  97. Turner SA, Bossart MI, Milam JDet al.Calcification in chronically implanted blood pumps: experimental results and review of the literature. Cardiovasc Dis, Bull Texas Heart Inst 1982;9: 195.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Turner SA, Holub DA, Poirier VL, Fuqua JM, Norman JC.Initial studies on calcification of the pseudoneointima formed within chronic blood pumps: mechanical flex vs. diffusion/permeation of water (Abstract). Clin Res 1980;28: 716A.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Turner SA, McGee MG, Fuqua JMet al. Development and evaluation of a long-term, low profile intracorporeal (abdominal) left ventricular assist device (THI “E-type” ALVAD). Quarterly report to NHLBI, April 1–June 30, 1980.

  100. Turner SA, Trono R, Anderson JG, Ugorji CC, Norman JC.Factors affecting pseudoneointimal calcification in chronically implanted blood pumps (Abstract). Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 1980:9: 25.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Wald G.The end of life. A discussion at the Nobel conference organized by Gustavus Alphonsus College, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1972.

  102. Wald G.Molecular basis of visual excitation. Science 1968;162: 230.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Weller TH, Robbins FC, Enders JF.Cultivation of poliomyelitis virus in culture of human foreskin and embryonic tissues. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1949:72: 153–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Wald G.Twnety-six afternoons of biology at Harvard. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Wiener N.Cybernetics. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Wiener N.Cybernetics or controlling communication in the animal and machine. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Adapted from the Eighth Annual Hastings Lecture delivered on December 6, 1984 at Rockville, Maryland, USA.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Norman, J.C. The hastings file: A search for solutions (Frank and the Artificial Heart Programme). Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 4, 52–67 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02664086

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02664086

Keywords

Navigation