References
Bernal, E. M., Jr. A response to “Educational uses of tests with disadvantaged subjects.”American Psychologist, January 1975, 93–95.
Buros, O. I. (Ed.).The mental measurements yearbook. Highland Park, N.J.: Gryphon Press, 1940, 1949, 1953, 1959, 1965, 1972.
Buss, A. R. The emerging field of the sociology of psychological knowledge.American Psychologist, October 1975, 988–1002.
Cleary, A., Humphreys, L. G., Kendrick, S. A., & Wesman, A. Educational uses of tests with disadvantaged students.American Psychologist, January 1975, 15–41.
Cronbach, L. J. Five decades of public controversy over mental testing.American Psychologist, January 1975, 1–14.
Eells, K., Davis, A., Havighurst, R., Herrick, V., & Tyler, R.Intelligence and cultural differences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.
Helmstadter, G. C.Principles of psychological measurement. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1964.
Humphreys, L. G. Addendum.American Psychologist, January 1975, 95–96.
Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. Critical analysis of the statistical and ethical implications of various definitions of test bias.Psychological Bulletin, 1976,83, 1053–1071.
Jackson, G. D. On the report of the ad hoc committee on educational uses of tests with disadvantaged students: Another psychological view from the Association of Black Psychologists.American Psychologist, January 1975, 88–93.
Jensen, A. How biased are culture-loaded tests?Genetic Psychology Monographs, 1974,90, 185–244.
Jensen, A. Test bias and construct validity. Invited address presented at the 83rd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, September 1975.
Kamin, L. J.The science and politics of IQ. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1974.
Katz, M.Class, bureaucracy, and schools. New York: Praeger, 1972.
Mannheim, K.Ideology and utopia. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., 1936.
Mercer, J. R.Labeling the mentally retarded. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
Mercer, J. R. Sociocultural factors in educational labeling. In Michael J. Begab & Stephen A. Richardson (Eds.),The mentally retarded and society: A social science perspective. Baltimore, Md.: University Park Press, 1975.
Mercer, J. R., & Brown, W. C. Racial differences in IQ: Fact or artifact? In Carl Senna (Ed.),The fallacy of I.Q. New York: The Third Press, 1973.
Ramírez, M., & Castañeda, A.Cultural democracy, bicognitive development, and education. New York: Academic Press, 1974.
Samuda, R. From ethnocentrism to a multicultural perspective in educational testing.Journal of Afro-American Issues, 1975,3(1), 4–18.
Williams, R. Scientific racism and IQ: The silent mugging of the black community.Psychology Today, May 1974, 32ff.
Williams, R. Moderator variables as bias in testing black children.Journal of Afro-American Issues, 1975,3(1), 77–90. (a)
Wiliams, R. The Bitch-100: a culture-specific test.Journal of Afro-American Issues, 1975,3(1), 103–116. (b)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mercer, J.R. Test “validity,” “bias,” and “fairness”: An analysis from the perspective of the sociology of knowledge. Interchange 9, 1–16 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01807733
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01807733