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Brutphänologie und Morphometrie des Schwarzbauchmeerläufers (Fregetta tropica) auf King George Island, Antarktis

Breeding and biometrics of Blackbellied Stormpetrel (Fregetta tropica) at King George Island, Antarctic

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Summary

During the austral summer of 1995/96 breeding aspects and biometrics of Blackbellied StormpetrelsFregetta tropica at King George Island, South Shetlands, were observed. The pre-laying period lasted until the end of December when the main laying time began. In the incubation period (duration 39–42 days) the breeding shifts of females and males were on average 1.6 and 1.8 days, respectively. Frequencies of breeding spells decreased dramatically towards the end of the incubation period. The chicks mainly hatched in the beginning/middle of February. Chick development was characterized by individually differing increases of body mass. After 20–25 days they reached adult body mass; the observed mass maximum was 109.9 g (193% of adult body mass). The development of body mass, wing length and tarsus length could be approximated using sigmoidal regression curves. 28 sexed adult birds showed significant differences only in wing length but not in tarsus length. From the pre-laying till the end of the hatching period the mean brood patch scores decreased from 3.7 (complete brood patch) to 1.4 (broodpatch weakly developed). Birds with well developed brood patches weighed on average 57.3 ± 4.0 g whereas birds with hardly visible brood patches weighed 53.5 ± 2.8 g. Because only breeders show brood patches at the end of the incubation period a consideration of both brood patchand body mass allows a reliable classification into breeders or nonbreeders. At the end of the hatching period 67% of all captured birds were nonbreeders.

Zusammenfassung

Im Jahre 1995/96 wurden brutphänologische und biometrische Daten des Schwarzbauchmeerläuferes (Fregetta tropica) auf King George Island, Antarktis, erhoben.

Die Vorbrutzeit erstreckte sich bis Ende Dezember, dem Beginn der Hauptlegephase. Während der Inkubationszeit (Gesamtdauer 39–42 Tage) verweilten die Weibchen im Mittel 1,6 Tage (Männchen 1,8 Tage) auf dem Gelege. Die Häufigkeit von Brutunterbrechungen (Dauer 1,9 Tage) nahm im Laufe der Inkubationszeit drastisch ab. Hauptschlupfzeit der Küken war Anfang bis Mitte Februar. Das Kükenwachstum zeichnete sich durch individuell differenzierte Massezunahme aus. Nach 20–25 Tagen wurde die Adultmasse erreicht; die Maximalmasse eines Kükens lag bei 193% der Adultmasse. Der Wachstumsverlauf der Küken wurde mit logistischen Gleichungen beschrieben.

Signifikante geschlechtsspezifische Größenunterschiede der Altvögel ließen sich nur für die Flügellänge nachweisen. Die mittlere Ausbildung des Brutflecks der untersuchten Kolonie sank innerhalb einer fünfteiligen Skala von 3,7 (BF vollständig ausgebildet) während der Vorbrutzeit auf 1,4 (BF sehr gering ausgebildet) am Ende der Nestlingszeit.

Vögel unterschiedlicher BF-Kategorien unterschieden sich in ihren Massen signifikant. Am Ende der Inkubationszeit wiesen nur noch Brüter einen gut ausgebildeten Brutfleck auf. Eine kombinierte Betrachtung von BF-Ausbildung und Masse läßt daher schon zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt verläßliche Rückschlüsse auf den Status eines Vogels (Brüter oder Nichtbrüter) zu. Am Ende der Brutsaison lag der so errechnete Nichtbrüter-Anteil bei 67%.

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Hahn, S. Brutphänologie und Morphometrie des Schwarzbauchmeerläufers (Fregetta tropica) auf King George Island, Antarktis. J Ornithol 139, 149–156 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01651224

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