Abstract
Wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN) is well known to monitor the soil quality for precision agriculture application. However, the uncertain property of the soil leads to many difficulties in designing a WUSN, one of them being the pathloss determination in different channels. In this study, we investigate the pathloss and the effect of soil moisture content on the pathloss in the Vietnam popular type of soil. From that foundation, we will construct a WUSN based on 920 MHz LoRa wireless technology. The experiment is implemented to validate underground wireless communication. The results show a good performance and stability of the network, where the connection between two underground sensor nodes could be extended up to 3 m with 5% soil moisture content.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Vuran, M.C., Salam, A., Wong, R., Irmak, S.: Internet of underground things in precision agriculture: architecture and technology aspects. Ad Hoc Netw. 81, 160–173 (2018)
Nguyen, V.A., et al.: Realizing mobile air quality monitoring system: architectural concept and device prototype. In: 2021 26th IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), pp. 115–120. IEEE (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/APCC49754.2021.9609931
Fahrmeier, N., Goeppert, N., Goldscheider, N.: A novel probe for point injections in groundwater monitoring wells. Hydrogeol. J. 30, 1021–1029 (2022)
Jiao, W., Wang, J., He, Y., Xi, X., Chen, X.: Detecting soil moisture levels using battery-free Wi-Fi tag. Preprint at http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.03275 (2022)
Pandey, G., Weber, R.J., Kumar, R.: Agricultural cyber-physical system: in-situ soil moisture and salinity estimation by dielectric mixing. IEEE Access 6, 43179–43191 (2018)
Ranjan, A., Misra, P., Dwivedi, B., Sahu, H.B.: Studies on propagation characteristics of radio waves for wireless networks in underground coal mines. Wireless Pers. Commun. 97(2), 2819–2832 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4636-y
Akyildiz, I.F., Sun, Z., Vuran, M.C.: Signal propagation techniques for wireless underground communication networks. Phys. Commun. 2, 167–183 (2009)
Xiaoya, H., Chao, G., Bingwen, W., Wei, X.: Channel modeling for wireless underground sensor networks. In: 2011 IEEE 35th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops, pp. 249–254. IEEE (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSACW.2011.46
Castellanos, G., Deruyck, M., Martens, L., Joseph, W.: System assessment of WUSN using NB-IoT UAV-aided networks in potato crops. IEEE Access 8, 56823–56836 (2020)
Zhang, X., et al.: Thoreau: a subterranean wireless sensing network for agriculture and the environment. In: 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), pp. 78–84. IEEE (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOMW.2017.8116356
Ebi, C., Schaltegger, F., Rust, A., Blumensaat, F.: Synchronous LoRa mesh network to monitor processes in underground infrastructure. IEEE Access 7, 57663–57677 (2019)
Froiz-Míguez, I., et al.: Design, implementation, and empirical validation of an IoT smart irrigation system for fog computing applications based on LoRa and LoRaWAN sensor nodes. Sensors 20, 6865 (2020)
Takahashi, K., Igel, J., Preetz, H., Kuro, S.: Basics and application of ground-penetrating radar as a tool for monitoring irrigation process. In: Kumar, M. (ed.) Problems, Perspectives and Challenges of Agricultural Water Management. InTech (2012). https://doi.org/10.5772/29324
Topp, G.C., Davis, J.L., Annan, A.P.: Electromagnetic determination of soil water content: measurements in coaxial transmission lines. Water Resour. Res. 16, 574–582 (1980)
Cui, F., Du, Y., Ni, J., Zhao, Z., Peng, S.: Effect of shallow-buried high-intensity mining on soil water content in Ningtiaota minefield. Water 13, 361 (2021)
Dobson, M., Ulaby, F., Hallikainen, M., El-rayes, M.: Microwave dielectric behavior of wet soil-Part II: dielectric mixing models. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. GE-23, 35–46 (1985)
Alharthi, A., Lange, J.: Soil water saturation: dielectric determination. Water Resour. Res. 23, 591–595 (1987)
Peplinski, N.R., Ulaby, F.T., Dobson, M.C.: Dielectric properties of soils in the 0.3-1.3-GHz range. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 33, 803–807 (1995)
Tarboton, D.G.: Rainfall-Runoff Processes. Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications (2003)
Spohrer, K., Herrmann, L., Ingwersen, J., Stahr, K.: Applicability of uni- and bimodal retention functions for water flow modeling in a tropical acrisol. Vadose Zone J. 5, 48–58 (2006)
Dysli, M.: Characteristic coefficients of soils. Road Traffic 86, 72–73 (2000)
Das, B.M.: Advanced Soil Mechanic. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton (2008)
Hough, B.K.: Basic Soils Engineering. Ronald Press, New York (1969)
Terzaghi, K., Peck, R.B., Mesri, G.: Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. Wiley, Hoboken (1996)
Obzud, R., Trusty: The Hardening Soil Model - A Practical Guidebook Z. (2012)
Goldsmith, A.: Wireless Communications. Cambridge University Press, New York (2012)
Griffiths, D.J.: Introduction to Electrodynamics. Pearson, Boston (2013)
Li, L., Vuran, M.C., Akyildiz, I.F.: Characteristics of underground channel for wireless underground sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the MedHoc-Net 2007, Corfu, Greece, June 2007
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chinh Pham, X., Thao Nguyen, T.P., Le, M.T. (2023). Pathloss Modelling and Evaluation for A Wireless Underground Soil Moisture Sensor Network. In: Nguyen, T.D.L., Verdú, E., Le, A.N., Ganzha, M. (eds) Intelligent Systems and Networks. ICISN 2023. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 752. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4725-6_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4725-6_42
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-4724-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-4725-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)