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Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Intracellular Markers of CSCs in Patients with Cancers

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Cancer Stem Cells: Basic Concept and Therapeutic Implications

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Abstract

Intracellular markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs), e.g., ALDH1, SOX2, Oct-3/4, Bmi1, LETM1, Msi2, and Sall4 have a significant role in the isolation and detection of CSC, and these intracellular markers are associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with cancers. Thus, these markers have potential to be used as biomarkers for prognosis and predictive indicator of patients with cancers. For instance, a higher level of ALDH1 was significantly associated with cancer recurrence and poor prognosis in breast, esophageal, colorectal, lung, gastric, acute myeloid lymphoma, and head & neck cancer. Aberrant expression of SOX2 is associated with clinicopathological factors in various types of cancers such as chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC), stages and metastasis of breast carcinomas, advanced tumor stage, poor prognosis in gastric cancers, etc. Similarly, deregulation of Oct-3/4 expression is correlated with neoplastic transformation and therapy resistance in patients with various cancers. In CRC, for instance, an increase of Oct-3/4 is associated with migration, liver metastasis, and poor survival. In addition, higher expression of Oct-3/4 in CSCs is associated with the initiation, progression, and differentiation of breast cancer, micro-metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and poor survival of patients with lung cancers. In addition, overexpression of other CSC markers such as Bmi1 correlated poor overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Overexpression of LETM1 is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Furthermore, overexpression of Msi2 correlated with higher tumor grade and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer, HCC, and cervical cancers. Moreover, overexpression of Sall4 is associated with lymph node metastasis in patients with CRC. Therefore, the intracellular CSC marker has the potential to be used as an potential indicators in different types of cancer. Thus, in this chapter we summarize the potential diagnostic and prognostic implication of intracellular marker of CSCs, which could provide better option for the management of patients with cancers.

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Author notes

  1. Kazi Soha and M. D. Arifur Rahman contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

    Kazi Soha, Md. Arifur Rahman & Farhadul Islam

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  1. Kazi Soha
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  2. Md. Arifur Rahman
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  3. Farhadul Islam
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Correspondence to Farhadul Islam .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

    Farhadul Islam

  2. School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia

    Alfred K. Lam

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Soha, K., Rahman, M.A., Islam, F. (2023). Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Intracellular Markers of CSCs in Patients with Cancers. In: Islam, F., Lam, A.K. (eds) Cancer Stem Cells: Basic Concept and Therapeutic Implications. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3185-9_19

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