Abstract
Cancer biomarkers with high selectivity, specificity, and reproducibility assume fundamental task in diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapy efficiency in cancer patients. As of late, different nanomaterials have been used in cancer diagnostics. Many tumor biomarkers have been found in vitro and in vivo using imaging techniques associated with nanodevices. Molecularly selective ligand-covered splendid metal nanoclusters are an intriguing class of nanomaterials with tremendous capability for tumor biomarker detection. Their biocompatibility, minimal toxicity, and potential for controlled functionalization with cancer biomarker-specific moieties distinguish them. In the past decade, accretion of fundamental information has brought about an incredible breakthrough in this field. By finding novel genetic and epigenetic biomarkers, nanooncology has enabled the creation of more sensitive biosensors for early cancer detection and advanced multifunctionalized nanoparticles for cancer imaging and targeting. The most commonly employed nanomaterials in cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed in this overview. Based on their physicochemical and biological features, we highlighted the suitability of these nanomaterials for cancer surveillance. We further investigated the related difficulties with the several nanomaterials, which bound its utilization and hinder the interpretability into the medical milieu in specific cancer types.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Abreu Velez AM, Howard MS (2015) Tumor-suppressor genes, cell cycle regulatory checkpoints, and the skin. N Am J Med Sci 7:176. https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.157476
Adolphi NL, Butler KS, Lovato DM, Tessier TE, Trujillo JE, Hathaway HJ, Fegan DL, Monson TC, Stevens TE, Huber DL, Ramu J, Milne ML, Altobelli SA, Bryant HC, Larson RS, Flynn ER (2012) Imaging of Her2-targeted magnetic nanoparticles for breast cancer detection: comparison of SQUID-detected magnetic relaxometry and MRI. Contrast Media Mol Imag 7:308. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmmi.499
Aghanejad A, Babamiri H, Adibkia K, Barar J, Omidi Y (2018) Mucin-1 aptamer-armed superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted delivery of doxorubicin to breast cancer cells. Bioimpacts 8:117. https://doi.org/10.15171/bi.2018.14
Alharthi SD, Bijukumar D, Prasad S, Khan AM, Mathew MT (2021) Evolution in biosensors for cancers biomarkers detection: a review. J Bio- and Tribo-Corros 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-020-00463-7
Ali A, Shah T, Ullah R, Zhou P, Guo M, Ovais M, Tan Z, Rui YK (2021) Review on recent progress in magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and diverse applications. Front Chem 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.629054
Alves Martins BA, de Bulhões GF, Cavalcanti IN, Martins MM, de Oliveira PG, Martins AMA (2019) Biomarkers in colorectal cancer: the role of translational proteomics research. Front Oncol 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.01284
Ameri M, Shabaninejad Z, Movahedpour A, Sahebkar A, Mohammadi S, Hosseindoost S, Ebrahimi MS, Savardashtaki A, Karimipour M, Mirzaei H (2020) Biosensors for detection of Tau protein as an Alzheimer’s disease marker. Int J Biol Macromol 162:1100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.239
Amoshahi H, Shafiee MRM, Kermani S, Mirmohammadi M (2022) A biosensor for detection of miR-106 a by using duplex-specific nuclease, assisted target, magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and enzymatic signal amplification. ChemistrySelect. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202103115
Amri C, Shukla AK, Lee JH (2021) Recent advancements in nanoparticle-based optical biosensors for circulating cancer biomarkers. Materials 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061339
Arana Echarri A, Beresford M, Campbell JP, Jones RH, Butler R, Gollob KJ, Brum PC, Thompson D, Turner JE (2021) A phenomic perspective on factors influencing breast cancer treatment: integrating aging and lifestyle in blood and tissue biomarker profiling. Front Immunol 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.616188
Aruleba K, Obaido G, Ogbuokiri B, Fadaka AO, Klein A, Adekiya TA, Aruleba RT (2020) Applications of computational methods in biomedical breast cancer imaging diagnostics: a review. J Imaging 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/JIMAGING6100105
Azam N, Najabat Ali M, Javaid Khan T (2021) Carbon quantum dots for biomedical applications: review and analysis. Front Mater 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2021.700403
Beyer T, Bidaut L, Dickson J, Kachelriess M, Kiessling F, Leitgeb R, Ma J, Shiyam Sundar LK, Theek B, Mawlawi O (2020) What scans we will read: imaging instrumentation trends in clinical oncology. Cancer Imaging 20:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-020-00312-3
Biliuk AA, Semchuk OY, Havryliuk OO (2020) Width of the surface plasmon resonance line in spherical metal nanoparticles. Semicond Phys Quantum Electron Optoelectron 23:308. https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo23.03.308
Blom N, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Gupta R, Gammeltoft S, Brunak S (2004) Prediction of post-translational glycosylation and phosphorylation of proteins from the amino acid sequence. Proteomics 4:1633. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200300771
Bockisch A, Freudenberg LS, Schmidt D, Kuwert T (2009) Hybrid imaging by SPECT/CT and PET/CT: proven outcomes in cancer imaging. Semin Nucl Med 39:276. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2009.03.003
Bohnsack MT, Sloan KE (2018) The mitochondrial epitranscriptome: the roles of RNA modifications in mitochondrial translation and human disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 75:241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-017-2598-6
Budhavarapu VN, Chavez M, Tyler JK (2013) How is epigenetic information maintained through DNA replication? Epigenetics Chromatin 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-8935-6-32
Carvalho MR, Reis RL, Oliveira JM (2020) Dendrimer nanoparticles for colorectal cancer applications. J Mater Chem B 8:1128. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tb02289a
Chan M-H, Chang Z-X, Huang C-YF, Lee LJ, Liu R-S, Hsiao M (2022) Integrated therapy platform of exosomal system: hybrid inorganic/organic nanoparticles with exosomes for cancer treatment. Nanoscale Horiz 7:352. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1nh00637a
Chauhan M, Kumar Singh V (2021) Review on recent experimental SPR/LSPR based fiber optic analyte sensors. Opt Fiber Technol 64:102580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2021.102580
Chen J, Chen L, Du S, Wu J, Quan M, Yin H, Wu Y, Ye X, Liang X, Jiang H (2019) High sensitive detection of circulating tumor cell by multimarker lipid magnetic nanoparticles and clinical verifications. J Nanobiotechnol 17:116. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-019-0548-1
Chen L, Hwang E, Zhang J (2018) Fluorescent nanobiosensors for sensing glucose. Sensors (Basel) 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051440
Cho SF, Xing L, Anderson KC, Tai YT (2021) Promising antigens for the new frontier of targeted immunotherapy in multiple myeloma. Cancers 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13236136
Combes GF, Vučković AM, Bakulić MP, Antoine R, Bonačić-Koutecky V, Trajković K (2021) Nanotechnology in tumor biomarker detection: the potential of liganded nanoclusters as nonlinear optical contrast agents for molecular diagnostics of cancer. Cancers 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13164206
Cottat M, D’andrea C, Yasukuni R, Malashikhina N, Grinyte R, Lidgi-Guigui N, Fazio B, Sutton A, Oudar O, Charnaux N, Pavlov V, Toma A, Di Fabrizio E, Gucciardi PG, Lamy De La Chapelle M (2015) High sensitivity, high selectivity SERS detection of MnSOD using optical nanoantennas functionalized with aptamers. J Phys Chem C 119:15532. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b03681
Curigliano G, Bagnardi V, Ghioni M, Louahed J, Brichard V, Lehmann FF, Marra A, Trapani D, Criscitiello C, Viale G (2020) Expression of tumor-associated antigens in breast cancer subtypes. Breast 49:202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2019.12.002
Curtis C, Shah SP, Chin SF, Turashvili G, Rueda OM, Dunning MJ, Speed D, Lynch AG, Samarajiwa S, Yuan Y, Gräf S, Ha G, Haffari G, Bashashati A, Russell R, McKinney S, Aparicio S, Brenton JD, Ellis I, Huntsman D, Pinder S, Murphy L, Bardwell H, Ding Z, Jones L, Liu B, Papatheodorou I, Sammut SJ, Wishart G, Chia S, Gelmon K, Speers C, Watson P, Blamey R, Green A, MacMillan D, Rakha E, Gillett C, Grigoriadis A, De Rinaldis E, Tutt A, Parisien M, Troup S, Chan D, Fielding C, Maia AT, McGuire S, Osborne M, Sayalero SM, Spiteri I, Hadfield J, Bell L, Chow K, Gale N, Kovalik M, Ng Y, Prentice L, Tavaré S, Markowetz F, Langerød A, Provenzano E, Purushotham A, Børresen-Dale AL, Caldas C (2012) The genomic and transcriptomic architecture of 2,000 breast tumours reveals novel subgroups. Nature 486:346. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10983
Daneshpour M, Omidfar K, Ghanbarian H (2016) A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 7:2023. https://doi.org/10.3762/BJNANO.7.193
de Brevern AG, Rebehmed J (2022) Current status of PTMs structural databases: applications, limitations and prospects. Amino Acids 54:575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03119-z
Deaton AM, Bird A (2011) CpG islands and the regulation of transcription. Genes Dev 25:1010. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.2037511
Dhakane S, Patil WV (2014) Piezo-resistive method for tuberculosis detection using microcantilever biosensor. Microsyst Technol 20:457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-013-1864-2
Doucey MA, Carrara S (2019) Nanowire sensors in cancer. Trends Biotechnol 37:86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.07.014
Duffy MJ (2020) Biomarkers for prostate cancer: prostate-specific antigen and beyond. Clin Chem Lab Med 58:326. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2019-0693
Engebraaten O, Yau C, Berg K, Borgen E, Garred Ø, Berstad MEB, Fremstedal ASV, DeMichele A, van ‘t Veer L, Esserman L, Weyergang A (2021) RAB5A expression is a predictive biomarker for trastuzumab emtansine in breast cancer. Nat Commun 12:6427. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26018-z
Eslami-S Z, Cortés-Hernández LE, Alix-Panabières C (2020) Epithelial cell adhesion molecule: an anchor to isolate clinically relevant circulating tumor cells. Cell 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9081836
Favazza L, Chitale DA, Barod R, Rogers CG, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Palanisamy N, Gupta NS, Williamson SR (2017) Renal cell tumors with clear cell histology and intact VHL and chromosome 3p: a histological review of tumors from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Mod Pathol 30:1603. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2017.72
Fowler H, Belot A, Ellis L, Maringe C, Luque-Fernandez MA, Njagi EN, Navani N, Sarfati D, Rachet B (2020) Comorbidity prevalence among cancer patients: a population-based cohort study of four cancers. BMC Cancer 20:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-019-6472-9
Gener P, Montero S, Xandri-Monje H, Díaz-Riascos ZV, Rafael D, Andrade F, Martínez-Trucharte F, González P, Seras-Franzoso J, Manzano A, Arango D, Sayós J, Abasolo I, Schwartz S (2020) Zileuton™ loaded in polymer micelles effectively reduce breast cancer circulating tumor cells and intratumoral cancer stem cells. Nanomedicine 24:102106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2019.102106
Geraci JM, Escalante CP, Freeman JL, Goodwin JS (2005) Comorbid disease and cancer: the need for more relevant conceptual models in health services research. J Clin Oncol 23:7399. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2004.00.9753
Getzenberg RH (2019) Cancer biomarkers. In: Cancer: prevention, early detection, treatment and recovery. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119645214.ch6
Gygi SP, Corthals GL, Zhang Y, Rochon Y, Aebersold R (2000) Evaluation of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteome analysis technology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:9390. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.160270797
Haber DA, Gray NS, Baselga J (2011) The evolving war on cancer. Cell 145:19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.026
Hasan MR, Ahommed MS, Daizy M, Bacchu MS, Ali MR, Al-Mamun MR, Saad Aly MA, Khan MZH, Hossain SI (2021) Recent development in electrochemical biosensors for cancer biomarkers detection. Biosensors Bioelectronics: X 8:100075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosx.2021.100075
Henry NL, Hayes DF (2012) Cancer biomarkers. Mol Oncol 6:140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2012.01.010
Herceg Z, Hainaut P (2007) Genetic and epigenetic alterations as biomarkers for cancer detection, diagnosis and prognosis. Mol Oncol 1:26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molonc.2007.01.004
Hicks SW, Tarantelli C, Wilhem A, Gaudio E, Li M, Arribas AJ, Spriano F, Bordone R, Cascione L, Lai KC, Qiu Q, Taborelli M, Rossi D, Stussi G, Zucca E, Stathis A, Sloss CM, Bertoni F (2019) The novel CD19-targeting antibody-drug conjugate huB4-DGN462 shows improved anti-tumor activity compared to SAR3419 in CD19-positive lymphoma and leukemia models. Haematologica 104:1633. https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2018.211011
Hon GC, Hawkins RD, Caballero OL, Lo C, Lister R, Pelizzola M, Valsesia A, Ye Z, Kuan S, Edsall LE, Camargo AA, Stevenson BJ, Ecker JR, Bafna V, Strausberg RL, Simpson AJ, Ren B (2012) Global DNA hypomethylation coupled to repressive chromatin domain formation and gene silencing in breast cancer. Genome Res 22:246. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.125872.111
Hristova VA, Chan DW (2019) Cancer biomarker discovery and translation: proteomics and beyond. Expert Rev Proteomics 16:93. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789450.2019.1559062
Huang Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Li Z, Du S, Wang L, Chen S (2018) Nanotechnology-based strategies for early cancer diagnosis using circulating tumor cells as a liquid biopsy. Nano 2:21. https://doi.org/10.7150/ntno.22091
Ivanov YD, Romanova TS, Malsagova KA, Pleshakova TO, Archakov AI (2021) Use of silicon nanowire sensors for early cancer diagnosis. Molecules 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123734
Jin C, Wang K, Oppong-Gyebi A, Hu J (2020) Application of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis and therapy - a mini-review. Int J Med Sci 17:2964. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.49801
Jonaitis P, Kiudelis V, Streleckiene G, Gedgaudas R, Skieceviciene J, Kupcinskas J (2022) Novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of benign and malignant gastrointestinal diseases. Dig Dis 40:1. https://doi.org/10.1159/000515522
Kanwal R, Gupta S (2012) Epigenetic modifications in cancer. Clin Genet 81:303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01809.x
Kemp JA, Kwon YJ (2021) Cancer nanotechnology: current status and perspectives. Nano Converg 8:34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40580-021-00282-7
Khailany RA, Aziz SA, Najjar SM, Safdar M, Ozaslan M (2020) Genetic biomarkers: potential roles in cancer diagnosis. Cell Mol Biol. 10.14715/cmb/2020.66.3.1 66:1
Kim J, Bowlby R, Mungall AJ, Robertson AG, Odze RD, Cherniack AD, Shih J, Pedamallu CS, Cibulskis C, Dunford A, Meier SR, Kim J, Raphael J, Wu HT, Wong AM, Willis JE, Bass AJ, Derks S, Garman K, McCall SJ, Wiznerowicz M, Pantazi A, Parfenov M, Thorsson V, Shmulevich I, Dhankani V, Miller M, Sakai KLR, Wang K, Schultz N, Shen R, Arora A, Weinhold N, Sánchez-Vega F, Kelsen DP, Zhang J, Felau I, Demchok J, Rabkin CS, Camargo MC, Zenklusen JC, Bowen J, Leraas K, Lichtenberg TM, Curtis C, Seoane JA, Ojesina AI, Beer DG, Gulley ML, Pennathur A, Luketich JD, Zhou Z, Weisenberger DJ, Akbani R, Lee JS, Liu W, Mills GB, Zhang W, Reid BJ, Hinoue T, Laird PW, Shen H, Piazuelo MB, Schneider BG, McLellan M, Taylor-Weiner A, Lawrence M, Cibulskis K, Stewart C, Getz G, Lander E, Gabriel SB, DIng L, McLellan MD, Miller CA, Appelbaum EL, Cordes MG, Fronick CC, Fulton LA, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Schmidt HK, Fulton RS, Ally A, Balasundaram M, Carlsen R, Chuah E, Dhalla N, Holt RA, Jones SJM, Kasaian K, Brooks D, Li HI, Ma Y, Marra MA, Mayo M, Moore RA, Mungall KL, Schein JE, Sipahimalani P, Tam A, Thiessen N, Wong T, Beroukhim R, Bullman S, Murray BA, Saksena G, Schumacher SE, Meyerson M, Hadjipanayis A, Kucherlapati R, Ren X, Park PJ, Lee S, Kucherlap M, Yang L, Baylin SB, Hoadley KA, Bootwalla MS, Lai PH, Den Berg DJV, Berrios M, Holbrook A, Hwang JE, Jang HJ, Weinstein JN, Lu Y, Sohn BH, Seth S, Protopopov A, Bristow CA, Mahadeshwar HS, Tang J, Song X, Zhangw J, Cho J, Defrietas T, Frazer S, Gehlenborg N, Heiman DI, Lawrence MS, Lin P, Noble MS, Voet D, Zhang H, Polak P, Chin L, Raphae BJ, Bernard B, Iype L, Reynolds SM, Abeshouse A, Armenia J, Kundra R, Ladanyi M, Van Lehmann K, Gao J, Sander C, Chakravarty D, Zhang H, Radenbaugh CA, Hegde A, Penny R, Crain D, Gardner J, Curley E, Mallery D, Morris S, Paulauskis J, Shelton T, Shelton C, Frick J, Gastier-Foster JM, Gerken M, Leraas KM, Ramirez NC, Wise L, Zmuda E, Tarvin K, Saller C, Park YS, Button M, Carvalho AL, Reis RM, Matsushita MM, Lucchesi F, De Oliveira AT, Le X, Paklina O, Setdikova G, Lee JH, Bennett J, Iacocca M, Huelsenbeck-DIll L, Potapova CO, Voronina O, Liu O, Fulidou V, Sharp A, Behera M, Force S, Khuri F, Owonikoko T, Pickens A, Ramalingam S, Sica G, DInjens W, Van Nistelrooij A, Wijnhoven B, Sandusky G, Stepa S, Juhl H, Zornig HC, Kwon SY, Kim GHK, Bartlett J, Parfitt J, Chetty R, Darling G, Knox J, Wong R, El-Zimaity H, Liu G, Boussioutas A, Park DY, Kemp R, Carlotti CG, Da Cunha Tirapelli DP, Saggioro FP, Sankarankutty AK, Noushmehr H, Dos Santos JS, Trevisan FA, Eschbacher J, Dubina M, Mozgovoy E, Carey F, Chalmers S, IanForgie D, Godwin A, Reilly C, Madan R, Naima Z, Ferrer-Torres D, Vinco M, Rathme WK, Dhir R, Ajani JA, Janjigian Y, Tang L, Cheong JH, Liu J, Lolla L, Naresh R, Pihl T, Sun Q, Wan Y, Wu Y, Demchok JA, Ferguson ML, MillsShaw KR, Sheth M, Tarnuzzer R, Wang Z, Yang L, Hutter CM, Sofia HJ, Zhang, Jiashan (2017) Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma. Nature 541:169. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20805
Krichevsky O, Bonnet G (2002) Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: the technique and its applications. Rep Prog Phys 65:251. https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/65/2/203
Kumar S, Chinnusamy V, Mohapatra T (2018) Epigenetics of modified DNA bases: 5-methylcytosine and beyond. Front Genet 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00640
Kumari S, Sharma N, Sahi SV (2021) Advances in cancer therapeutics: conventional thermal therapy to nanotechnology-based photothermal therapy. Pharmaceutics 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081174
Kuppusamy P, Mashitah MY, Maniam GP, Govindan N (2014) Biosynthesized gold nanoparticle developed as a tool for detection of HCG hormone in pregnant women urine sample. Asia Pac J Trop Dis 4:237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60538-7
Lahtz C, Pfeifer GP (2011) Epigenetic changes of DNA repair genes in cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 3:51. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mjq053
Lawrence MS, Stojanov P, Polak P, Kryukov GV, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Carter SL, Stewart C, Mermel CH, Roberts SA, Kiezun A, Hammerman PS, McKenna A, Drier Y, Zou L, Ramos AH, Pugh TJ, Stransky N, Helman E, Kim J, Sougnez C, Ambrogio L, Nickerson E, Shefler E, Cortés ML, Auclair D, Saksena G, Voet D, Noble M, Dicara D, Lin P, Lichtenstein L, Heiman DI, Fennell T, Imielinski M, Hernandez B, Hodis E, Baca S, Dulak AM, Lohr J, Landau DA, Wu CJ, Melendez-Zajgla J, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Koren A, McCarroll SA, Mora J, Lee RS, Crompton B, Onofrio R, Parkin M, Winckler W, Ardlie K, Gabriel SB, Roberts CWM, Biegel JA, Stegmaier K, Bass AJ, Garraway LA, Meyerson M, Golub TR, Gordenin DA, Sunyaev S, Lander ES, Getz G (2013) Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer-associated genes. Nature 499:214. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12213
Lee EYHP, Muller WJ (2010) Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a003236
Li H, Han Y, Zhao H, Jafri H, Tian B (2021a) Dyes as labels in biosensing. In: Dyes and pigments - novel applications and waste treatment. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96540
Li J, Yao M, Shao Y, Yao D (2018a) The application of bio-nanotechnology in tumor diagnosis and treatment: a view. Nanotechnol Rev 7:257. https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2018-0011
Li WB, Stangl S, Klapproth A, Shevtsov M, Hernandez A, Kimm MA, Schuemann J, Qiu R, Michalke B, Bernal MA, Li J, Hürkamp K, Zhang Y, Multhoff G (2021b) Application of high-z gold nanoparticles in targeted cancer radiotherapy—pharmacokinetic modeling, Monte Carlo simulation and radiobiological effect modeling. Cancers 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215370
Li Y, Duo Y, Bi J, Zeng X, Mei L, Bao S, He L, Shan A, Zhang Y, Yu X (2018b) Targeted delivery of anti-miR-155 by functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles for colorectal cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 13:1241. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S158290
Li Y, Peng CW (2010) Application of quantum dots-based biotechnology in cancer diagnosis: current status and future perspectives. J Nanomater 2010:1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/676839
Lin D, Shen L, Luo M, Zhang K, Li J, Yang Q, Zhu F, Zhou D, Zheng S, Chen Y, Zhou J (2021) Circulating tumor cells: biology and clinical significance. Signal Transduct Target Ther 6:404. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00817-8
Liu B, Zhou J, Zhang B, Qu J (2019a) Synthesis of Ag@Fe3O4 nanoparticles for photothermal treatment of ovarian cancer. J Nanomater 2019:1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6457968
Liu D (2019) Cancer biomarkers for targeted therapy. Biomarker Res 7:25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-019-0178-7
Liu J, Huang J, Zhang L, Lei J (2021) Multifunctional metal-organic framework heterostructures for enhanced cancer therapy. Chem Soc Rev 50:1188. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cs00178c
Liu R, Hu C, Yang Y, Zhang J, Gao H (2019b) Theranostic nanoparticles with tumor-specific enzyme-triggered size reduction and drug release to perform photothermal therapy for breast cancer treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 9:410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.001
Lokshin A, Bast RC, Rodland K (2021) Circulating cancer biomarkers. Cancers 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13040802
Ma J, Mo Y, Tang M, Shen J, Qi Y, Zhao W, Huang Y, Xu Y, Qian C (2021) Bispecific antibodies: from research to clinical application. Front Immunol 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.626616
Mangadlao JD, Wang X, McCleese C, Escamilla M, Ramamurthy G, Wang Z, Govande M, Basilion JP, Burda C (2018) Prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted gold nanoparticles for theranostics of prostate cancer. ACS Nano 12:3714. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b00940
Mehrnia SS, Hashemi B, Mowla SJ, Nikkhah M, Arbabi A (2021) Radiosensitization of breast cancer cells using AS1411 aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles. Radiat Oncol 16:33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13014-021-01751-3
Meng X, Yang F, Dong H, Dou L, Zhang X (2021) Recent advances in optical imaging of biomarkers in vivo. Nano Today 38:101156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101156
Misale S, Yaeger R, Hobor S, Scala E, Janakiraman M, Liska D, Valtorta E, Schiavo R, Buscarino M, Siravegna G, Bencardino K, Cercek A, Chen CT, Veronese S, Zanon C, Sartore-Bianchi A, Gambacorta M, Gallicchio M, Vakiani E, Boscaro V, Medico E, Weiser M, Siena S, Di Nicolantonio F, Solit D, Bardelli A (2012) Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal cancer. Nature 486:532. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11156
Mishra A, Verma M (2010) Cancer biomarkers: are we ready for the prime time? Cancers 2:190. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers2010190
Mohammed SI, Torres-Luquis O, Walls E, Lloyd F (2019) Lymph-circulating tumor cells show distinct properties to blood-circulating tumor cells and are efficient metastatic precursors. Mol Oncol 13:1400. https://doi.org/10.1002/1878-0261.12494
Molica M, Perrone S, Mazzone C, Niscola P, Cesini L, Abruzzese E, de Fabritiis P (2021) Cd33 expression and gentuzumab ozogamicin in acute myeloid leukemia: two sides of the same coin. Cancers 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133214
Moore LD, Le T, Fan G (2013) DNA methylation and its basic function. Neuropsychopharmacology 38:23. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2012.112
Mouro J, Pinto R, Paoletti P, Tiribilli B (2021) Microcantilever: dynamical response for mass sensing and fluid characterization. Sensors (Basel) 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21010115
Muzny DM, Bainbridge MN, Chang K, Dinh HH, Drummond JA, Fowler G, Kovar CL, Lewis LR, Morgan MB, Newsham IF, Reid JG, Santibanez J, Shinbrot E, Trevino LR, Wu YQ, Wang M, Gunaratne P, Donehower LA, Creighton CJ, Wheeler DA, Gibbs RA, Lawrence MS, Voet D, Jing R, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Stojanov P, McKenna A, Lander ES, Gabriel S, Ding L, Fulton RS, Koboldt DC, Wylie T, Walker J, Dooling DJ, Fulton L, Delehaunty KD, Fronick CC, Demeter R, Mardis ER, Wilson RK, Chu A, Chun HJE, Mungall AJ, Pleasance E, Gordon Robertson A, Stoll D, Balasundaram M, Birol I, Butterfield YSN, Chuah E, Coope RJN, Dhalla N, Guin R, Hirst C, Hirst M, Holt RA, Lee D, Li HI, Mayo M, Moore RA, Schein JE, Slobodan JR, Tam A, Thiessen N, Varhol R, Zeng T, Zhao Y, Jones SJM, Marra MA, Bass AJ, Ramos AH, Saksena G, Cherniack AD, Schumacher SE, Tabak B, Carter SL, Pho NH, Nguyen H, Onofrio RC, Crenshaw A, Ardlie K, Beroukhim R, Winckler W, Meyerson M, Protopopov A, Hadjipanayis A, Lee E, Xi R, Yang L, Ren X, Sathiamoorthy N, Chen PC, Haseley P, Xiao Y, Lee S, Seidman J, Chin L, Park PJ, Kucherlapati R, Todd Auman J, Hoadley KA, Du Y, Wilkerson MD, Shi Y, Liquori C, Meng S, Li L, Turman YJ, Topal MD, Tan D, Waring S, Buda E, Walsh J, Jones CD, Mieczkowski PA, Singh D, Wu J, Gulabani A, Dolina P, Bodenheimer T, Hoyle AP, Simons JV, Soloway M, Mose LE, Jefferys SR, Balu S, O’Connor BD, Prins JF, Chiang DY, Neil Hayes D, Perou CM, Hinoue T, Weisenberger DJ, Maglinte DT, Pan F, Berman BP, Van Den Berg DJ, Shen H, Triche T, Baylin SB, Laird PW, Getz G, Noble M, Voat D, Gehlenborg N, Dicara D, Zhang J, Zhang H, Wu CJ, Liu SY, Shukla S, Zhou L, Lin P, Park RW, Nazaire MD, Robinson J, Thorvaldsdottir H, Mesirov J, Thorsson V, Reynolds SM, Bernard B, Kreisberg R, Lin J, Iype L, Bressler R, Erkkilä T, Gundapuneni M, Liu Y, Norberg A, Robinson T, Yang D, Zhang W, Shmulevich I, De Ronde JJ, Schultz N, Cerami E, Ciriello G, Goldberg AP, Gross B, Jacobsen A, Gao J, Kaczkowski B, Sinha R, Arman Aksoy B, Antipin Y, Reva B, Shen R, Taylor BS, Ladanyi M, Sander C, Akbani R, Zhang N, Broom BM, Casasent T, Unruh A, Wakefield C, Hamilton SR, Craig Cason R, Baggerly KA, Weinstein JN, Haussler D, Benz CC, Stuart JM, Benz SC, Zachary Sanborn J, Vaske CJ, Zhu J, Szeto C, Scott GK, Yau C, Ng S, Goldstein T, Ellrott K, Collisson E, Cozen AE, Zerbino D, Wilks C, Craft B, Spellman P, Penny R, Shelton T, Hatfield M, Morris S, Yena P, Shelton C, Sherman M, Paulauskis J, Gastier-Foster JM, Bowen J, Ramirez NC, Black A, Pyatt R, Wise L, White P, Bertagnolli M, Brown J, Chan TA, Chu GC, Czerwinski C, Denstman F, Dhir R, Dörner A, Fuchs CS, Guillem JG, Iacocca M, Juhl H, Kaufman A, Iii BK, Van Le X, Mariano MC, Medina EN, Meyers M, Nash GM, Paty PB, Petrelli N, Rabeno B, Richards WG, Solit D, Swanson P, Temple L, Tepper JE, Thorp R, Vakiani E, Weiser MR, Willis JE, Witkin G, Zeng Z, Zinner MJ, Zornig C, Jensen MA, Sfeir R, Kahn AB, Chu AL, Kothiyal P, Wang Z, Snyder EE, Pontius J, Pihl TD, Ayala B, Backus M, Walton J, Whitmore J, Baboud J, Berton DL, Nicholls MC, Srinivasan D, Raman R, Girshik S, Kigonya PA, Alonso S, Sanbhadti RN, Barletta SP, Greene JM, Pot DA, Shaw KRM, Dillon LAL, Buetow K, Davidsen T, Demchok JA, Eley G, Ferguson M, Fielding P, Schaefer C, Sheth M, Yang L, Guyer MS, Ozenberger BA, Palchik JD, Peterson J, Sofia HJ, Thomson E (2012) Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer. Nature 487:330. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11252
Nagarajan A (2019) Image processing techniques for analyzing CT scan images towards the early detection of lung cancer. Bioinformation 15:596. https://doi.org/10.6026/97320630015596
Osmic H, Fazlic S, Dedovic E (2019) Colorectal cancer conventional radiotherapy treatment technique with sparing the testicles. Med Case Rep Rev 2. https://doi.org/10.15761/mcrr.1000120
Pearce SF, Rebelo-Guiomar P, D’Souza AR, Powell CA, Van Haute L, Minczuk M (2017) Regulation of mammalian mitochondrial gene expression: recent advances. Trends Biochem Sci 42:625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2017.02.003
Poudineh M, Aldridge PM, Ahmed S, Green BJ, Kermanshah L, Nguyen V, Tu C, Mohamadi RM, Nam RK, Hansen A, Sridhar SS, Finelli A, Fleshner NE, Joshua AM, Sargent EH, Kelley SO (2017) Tracking the dynamics of circulating tumour cell phenotypes using nanoparticle-mediated magnetic ranking. Nat Nanotechnol 12:274. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.239
Prabowo BA, Purwidyantri A, Liu KC (2018) Surface plasmon resonance optical sensor: a review on light source technology. Biosensors 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios8030080
PramaniK A, Jones S, Gao Y, Sweet C, Vangara A, Begum S, Ray PC (2018a) Multifunctional hybrid graphene oxide for circulating tumor cell isolation and analysis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 125:21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.004
Pramanik G, Humpolickova J, Valenta J, Kundu P, Bals S, Bour P, Dracinsky M, Cigler P (2018b) Gold nanoclusters with bright near-infrared photoluminescence. Nanoscale 10:3792. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr06050e
Ra M, Gade A, Gaikwad S, Marcato PD, Durán N (2012) Biomedical applications of nanobiosensors: the state-of-the-art. J Braz Chem Soc. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-50532012000100004
Rajabi M, Mousa SA (2016) Lipid nanoparticles and their application in nanomedicine. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 17:662. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201017666160415155457
Ramazi S, Zahiri J (2021) Post-translational modifications in proteins: resources, tools and prediction methods. Database 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baab012
Reuveni T, Motiei M, Romman Z, Popovtzer A, Popovtzer R (2011) Targeted gold nanoparticles enable molecular CT imaging of cancer: an in vivo study. Int J Nanomedicine 6:2859. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s25446
Roex G, Timmers M, Wouters K, Campillo-Davo D, Flumens D, Schroyens W, Chu Y, Berneman ZN, Lion E, Luo F, Anguille S (2020) Safety and clinical efficacy of BCMA CAR-T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 13:164. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-020-01001-1
Rosalia RA, Cruz LJ, van Duikeren S, Tromp AT, Silva AL, Jiskoot W, de Gruijl T, Löwik C, Oostendorp J, van der Burg SH, Ossendorp F (2015) CD40-targeted dendritic cell delivery of PLGA-nanoparticle vaccines induce potent anti-tumor responses. Biomaterials 40:88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.053
Sang S, Wang Y, Feng Q, Wei Y, Ji J, Zhang W (2016) Progress of new label-free techniques for biosensors: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol:1. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2014.991270
Satvekar RK (2022) Electrochemical nanobiosensors perspectives for COVID 19 pandemic. J Electrochem Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.1116
Schneider G, Schmidt-Supprian M, Rad R, Saur D (2017) Tissue-specific tumorigenesis: context matters. Nat Rev Cancer 17:239. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc.2017.5
Sellers WR (2011) A blueprint for advancing genetics-based cancer therapy. Cell 147:26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.016
Semchuk OY, Biliuk AA, Havryliuk OO, Biliuk AI (2021) Kinetic theory of electroconductivity of metal nanoparticles in the condition of surface plasmon resonance. Appl Surf Sci Adv 3:100057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2021.100057
Shah N, Chari A, Scott E, Mezzi K, Usmani SZ (2020) B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in multiple myeloma: rationale for targeting and current therapeutic approaches. Leukemia 34:985. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-020-0734-z
Shah SP, Roth A, Goya R, Oloumi A, Ha G, Zhao Y, Turashvili G, Ding J, Tse K, Haffari G, Bashashati A, Prentice LM, Khattra J, Burleigh A, Yap D, Bernard V, McPherson A, Shumansky K, Crisan A, Giuliany R, Heravi-Moussavi A, Rosner J, Lai D, Birol I, Varhol R, Tam A, Dhalla N, Zeng T, Ma K, Chan SK, Griffith M, Moradian A, Cheng SWG, Morin GB, Watson P, Gelmon K, Chia S, Chin SF, Curtis C, Rueda OM, Pharoah PD, Damaraju S, MacKey J, Hoon K, Harkins T, Tadigotla V, Sigaroudinia M, Gascard P, Tlsty T, Costello JF, Meyer IM, Eaves CJ, Wasserman WW, Jones S, Huntsman D, Hirst M, Caldas C, Marra MA, Aparicio S (2012) The clonal and mutational evolution spectrum of primary triple-negative breast cancers. Nature 486:395. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10933
Shen Z, Wu A, Chen X (2017) Current detection technologies for circulating tumor cells. Chem Soc Rev 46:2038. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00803h
Shi X, Song H, Wang C, Zhang C, Huang P, Kong D, Zhang J, Wang W (2020) Co-assembled and self-delivered epitope/CpG nanocomplex vaccine augments peptide immunogenicity for cancer immunotherapy. Chem Eng J 399:125854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125854
Si P, Razmi N, Nur O, Solanki S, Pandey CM, Gupta RK, Malhotra BD, Willander M, De La Zerda A (2021) Gold nanomaterials for optical biosensing and bioimaging. Nanoscale Adv 3:2679. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0na00961j
Siddique S, Chow JCL (2020) Application of nanomaterials in biomedical imaging and cancer therapy. Nano 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10091700
Smith R, Geary SM, Salem AK (2020) Silicon nanowires and their impact on cancer detection and monitoring. ACS Appl Nano Mater 3:8522. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.0c01572
La Spina R, Ferrero VEV, Aiello V, Pedotti M, Varani L, Lettieri T, Calzolai L, Haasnoot W, Colpo P (2017) Label-free biosensor detection of endocrine disrupting compounds using engineered estrogen receptors. Biosensors 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios8010001
Srivastava S, Grizzle WE (2011) Biomarkers and the genetics of early neoplastic lesions. Cancer Biomark 9:41. https://doi.org/10.3233/CBM-2011-0204
Stokke JL, Bhojwani D (2021) Antibody–drug conjugates for the treatment of acute pediatric leukemia. J Clin Med 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163556
Sun M, Wang T, Li L, Li X, Zhai Y, Zhang J, Li W (2021) The application of inorganic nanoparticles in molecular targeted cancer therapy: EGFR targeting. Front Pharmacol 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.702445
Takemura K (2021) Surface plasmon resonance (Spr)-and localized spr (lspr)-based virus sensing systems: optical vibration of nano-and micro-metallic materials for the development of next-generation virus detection technology. Biosensors 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11080250
Tamayo J, Kosaka PM, Ruz JJ, Paulo ÁS, Calleja M (2013) Biosensors based on nanomechanical systems. Chem Soc Rev 42:1287. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35293a
Tannu NS, Hemby SE (2006) Two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis for comparative proteomics profiling. Nat Protoc 1:1732. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.256
Thol F (2021) What to use to treat AML: the role of emerging therapies. Hematology (United States) 2021:16. https://doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2021000309
Veenstra TD (2019) Mass spectrometry-based approach for protein biomarker verification. In: Proteomic and metabolomic approaches to biomarker discovery. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818607-7.00020-7
Venkatesh N (2018) Metallic nanoparticle: a review. Biomed J Sci Tech Res 4. https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2018.04.0001011
Vines JB, Yoon JH, Ryu NE, Lim DJ, Park H (2019) Gold nanoparticles for photothermal cancer therapy. Front Chem 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00167
Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Velculescu VE, Zhou S, Diaz LA, Kinzler KW (2013) Cancer genome landscapes. Science 339:1546. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235122
Wang F, Li C, Cheng J, Yuan Z (2016) Recent advances on inorganic nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutic agents. Int J Environ Res Public Health 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13121182
Wang K, Wei G, Liu D (2012) CD19: a biomarker for B cell development, lymphoma diagnosis and therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/2162-3619-1-36
Willets KA, Van Duyne RP (2007) Localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and sensing. Annu Rev Phys Chem 58:267. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.58.032806.104607
Wiwanitkit V, Sereemaspun A, Rojanathanes R (2007) Gold nanoparticle as an alternative tool for urine microalbumin test: the first world report. Ren Fail 29:1047. https://doi.org/10.1080/08860220701643575
Wong XY, Quesada-González D, Manickam S, New SY, Muthoosamy K, Merkoçi A (2021) Integrating gold nanoclusters, folic acid and reduced graphene oxide for nanosensing of glutathione based on “turn-off” fluorescence. Sci Rep 11:2375. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81677-8
Wu K, Su D, Liu J, Saha R, Wang JP (2019) Magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine: a review of recent advances. Nanotechnology 30:502003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab4241
Xia N, Deng D, Wang Y, Fang C, Li SJ (2018) Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric method for the detection of prostate-specific antigen. Int J Nanomedicine Volume 13:2521. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S154046
Xie X, Zhang L, Zhang W, Tayebee R, Hoseininasr A, Vatanpour HH, Behjati Z, Li S, Nasrabadi M, Liu L (2020) Fabrication of temperature and pH sensitive decorated magnetic nanoparticles as effective biosensors for targeted delivery of acyclovir anti-cancer drug. J Mol Liq 309:113024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113024
Xin T, Cheng L, Zhou C, Zhao Y, Hu Z, Wu X (2022) In-vivo induced CAR-T cell for the potential breakthrough to overcome the barriers of current CAR-T cell therapy. Front Oncol 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.809754
Yang X, Liao M, Zhang H, Gong JB, Yang F, Xu M, Tremblay PL, Zhang T (2021) An electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer biosensor for the detection of circulating tumor DNA from blood plasma. iScience 24:103019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.103019
Yang Y, Fu Y, Su H, Mao L, Chen M (2018) Sensitive detection of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by using a novel DNA-labeled sandwich electrochemical biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 122:175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.062
Yesudasu V, Pradhan HS, Pandya RJ (2021) Recent progress in surface plasmon resonance based sensors: a comprehensive review. Heliyon 7:e06321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06321
Yu B, Liu D (2019) Gemtuzumab ozogamicin and novel antibody-drug conjugates in clinical trials for acute myeloid leukemia. Biomark Res 7:24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-019-0175-x
Zamani Kouhpanji MR, Nemati Z, Mahmoodi MM, Um J, Modiano J, Franklin R, Stadler B (2021) Selective detection of cancer cells using magnetic nanowires. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13:21060. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c04628
Zeng L, Liao Z, Li W, Yuan Q, Wu P, Gu Z, Liu Z, Liao G (2020) Non-covalent glycosylated gold nanoparticles/peptides nanovaccine as potential cancer vaccines. Chin Chem Lett 31:1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2019.10.015
Zhang Y, Li M, Gao X, Chen Y, Liu T (2019) Nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis: progress, challenges and opportunities. J Hematol Oncol 12:137. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-019-0833-3
Zhao WH, Liu J, Wang BY, Chen YX, Cao XM, Yang Y, Zhang YL, Wang FX, Zhang PY, Lei B, Gu LF, Wang JL, Yang N, Zhang R, Zhang H, Shen Y, Bai J, Xu Y, Wang XG, Zhang RL, Wei LL, Li ZF, Li ZZ, Geng Y, He Q, Zhuang QC, Fan XH, He AL, Zhang WG (2018) A phase 1, open-label study of LCAR-B38M, a chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy directed against B cell maturation antigen, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 11:141. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-018-0681-6
Zhou R, Lu X, Yang Q, Wu P (2019) Nanocrystals for large stokes shift-based optosensing. Chin Chem Lett 30:1843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2019.07.062
Zwicke GL, Ali Mansoori G, Jeffery CJ (2012) Utilizing the folate receptor for active targeting of cancer nanotherapeutics. Nano Rev 3. https://doi.org/10.3402/nano.v3i0.18496
Zygulska AL, Pierzchalski P (2022) Novel diagnostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020852
Acknowledgments
RPB and GS appreciate the support granted by UGC, New Delhi, India, under Faculty Recharge Program. RPB and GS gratefully acknowledge the financial grant received from DBT (BT/PR27444/BRB/10/1645/2018) and ICMR (35/2/2020-Nano/BMS), Government of India. HKA acknowledges DHR, Government of India (YSS/2020/000047/PRCYSS) for the financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Khajuria, A. et al. (2023). Applications of Nanotechnology in Converging the Biomarker Science for Advancement in Cancer Detection and Treatment. In: Sobti, R.C., Ganguly, N.K., Kumar, R. (eds) Handbook of Oncobiology: From Basic to Clinical Sciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2196-6_75-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2196-6_75-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-99-2196-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-99-2196-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences
Publish with us
Chapter history
-
Latest
Applications of Nanotechnology in Converging the Biomarker Science for Advancement in Cancer Detection and Treatment- Published:
- 12 August 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2196-6_75-2
-
Original
Applications of Nanotechnology in Converging the Biomarker Science for Advancement in Cancer Detection and Treatment- Published:
- 30 July 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2196-6_75-1