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Modifications of Key Schedule Algorithm on RECTANGLE Block Cipher

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Advances in Cyber Security (ACeS 2020)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 1347))

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Abstract

Key schedule algorithm is one of the core elements that significantly affect the security of an encryption algorithm. While its importance is undeniable, the key schedule algorithm has not been given comprehensive attention compared to the encryption algorithm. RECTANGLE block cipher is very efficient in terms of encryption speed performance among the existing lightweight algorithms. However, its non-robust round keys generation seems to be the weakest point of the algorithm. A robust key schedule algorithm should produce round keys with random characteristics, independent, and not correlated to one another as defined in the randomization and confusion properties. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to improve the RECTANGLE key schedule algorithm to increase its randomization and confusion properties against high correlation keys as well as the speed and throughput performances. Three experiments were conducted based on the randomness, key sensitivity, and performance tests. The results show that our modified designs have produced lower correlation keys by 0.16% to 0.45% improvement, more random ciphertext with an increase of 13.34% to 20.00% passing rate, and better performance that recorded 1.30% to 7.82% faster and increased by 1.33% to 8.50% throughput than the original RECTANGLE.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Fundamental Research Grants No: FRGS/1/2019/ICT03/USIM/02/1 and CyberSecurity Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

    Abdul Alif Zakaria, A. H. Azni, Farida Ridzuan & Nur Hafiza Zakaria

  2. CyberSecurity and System Research Unit, Islamic Science Institute (ISI), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

    A. H. Azni & Farida Ridzuan

  3. CyberSecurity Malaysia, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Abdul Alif Zakaria & Maslina Daud

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  1. Abdul Alif Zakaria
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  2. A. H. Azni
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  4. Nur Hafiza Zakaria
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  5. Maslina Daud
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Correspondence to Abdul Alif Zakaria or A. H. Azni .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Advanced IPv6 Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

    Mohammed Anbar

  2. Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen

    Nibras Abdullah

  3. National Advanced IPv6 Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia

    Selvakumar Manickam

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Zakaria, A.A., Azni, A.H., Ridzuan, F., Zakaria, N.H., Daud, M. (2021). Modifications of Key Schedule Algorithm on RECTANGLE Block Cipher. In: Anbar, M., Abdullah, N., Manickam, S. (eds) Advances in Cyber Security. ACeS 2020. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1347. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6835-4_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6835-4_13

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  • Online ISBN: 978-981-33-6835-4

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