Skip to main content

Bipedicled Turbocharged DIEP Flaps for Unilateral Breast Reconstruction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Oncoplastic Flap Surgery
  • 357 Accesses

Abstract

In 1994, Allen first reported about the application of the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap to breast reconstruction [1], which has the advantage of being the most common method for breast reconstruction after breast cancer [2].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Allen RJ, Treece P. Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 1994;32(1):32–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hartrampf CR. The transverse abdominal Island flap for breast reconstruction. A 7-year experience. Clin Plast Surg. 1988;15(4):703–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Nahabedian MY, Momen B, Galdino G, Manson PN. Breast reconstruction with the free TRAM or DIEP flap: patient selection, choice of flap, and outcome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;110(2):466–75; discussion 476–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kroll SS. Fat necrosis in free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous and deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;106(3):576–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Blondeel PN, Arnstein M, Verstraete K, et al. Venous congestion and blood flow in free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous and deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;106(6):1295–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Blondeel PN, Boeckx WD. Refinements in free flap breast reconstruction: the free bilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator flap anastomosed to the internal mammary artery. Br J Plast Surg. 1994;47(7):495–501.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Song R, Ling Y, Wang G, Yang R. One-stage reconstruction of the nose. The Island frontal flap and the “conjoined” frontal flap. Clin Plast Surg. 1982;9(1):37–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Zuker RM, Filler RM, Lalla R. Intra-abdominal tissue expansion: an adjunct in the separation of conjoined twins. J Pediatr Surg. 1986;21(12):1198–200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hallock GG. The complete nomenclature for combined perforator flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127(4):1720–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hallock GG. Branch-based conjoined perforator flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121(5):1642–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ng RL, Youssef A, Kronowitz SJ, Lipa JE, Potochny J, Reece GP. Technical variations of the bipedicled TRAM flap in unilateral breast reconstruction: effects of conventional versus microsurgical techniques of pedicle transfer on complications rates. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114(2):374–84; discussion 385–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Ali RS, Garrido A, Ramakrishnan V. Stacked free hemi-DIEP flaps: a method of autologous breast reconstruction in a patient with midline abdominal scarring. Br J Plast Surg. 2002;55(4):351–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hamdi M, Khuthaila DK, Van Landuyt K, Roche N, Monstrey S. Double-pedicle abdominal perforator free flaps for unilateral breast reconstruction: new horizons in microsurgical tissue transfer to the breast. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2007;60(8):904–12; discussion 913–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Agarwal JP, Gottlieb LJ. Double pedicle deep inferior epigastric perforator/muscle-sparing TRAM flaps for unilateral breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2007;58(4):359–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ishii CH, Bostwick J, Raine TJ, Coleman JJ, Hester TR. Double-pedicle transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for unilateral breast and chest-wall reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;76(6):901–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Arnez ZM, Scamp T. The bipedicled free TRAM flap. Br J Plast Surg. 1992;45(3):214–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pennington DG, Nettle WJ, Lam P. Microvascular augmentation of the blood supply of the contralateral side of the free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. Ann Plast Surg. 1993;31(2):123–6; discussion 126–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Semple JL. Retrograde microvascular augmentation (turbocharging) of a single-pedicle TRAM flap through a deep inferior epigastric arterial and venous loop. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994;93(1):109–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lam TC, Sellars GD. Free perforator crossover TRAM flap for breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2003;50(2):126–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Koshima I, Inagawa K, Yamamoto M, Moriguchi T. New microsurgical breast reconstruction using free paraumbilical perforator adiposal flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;106(1):61–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Schoeller T, Bauer T, Gurunluoglu R, et al. Modified free paraumbilical perforator flap: the next logical step in breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;111(3):1093–8; discussion 1099–1101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Nahabedian MY, Dooley W, Singh N, Manson PN. Contour abnormalities of the abdomen after breast reconstruction with abdominal flaps: the role of muscle preservation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;109(1):91–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Vyas RM, Dickinson BP, Fastekjian JH, Watson JP, Dalio AL, Crisera CA. Risk factors for abdominal donor-site morbidity in free flap breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121(5):1519–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Nahabedian MY, Tsangaris T, Momen B. Breast reconstruction with the DIEP flap or the muscle-sparing (MS-2) free TRAM flap: is there a difference. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115(2):436–44; discussion 445–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kroll SS, Schusterman MA, Reece GP, Miller MJ, Robb G, Evans G. Abdominal wall strength, bulging, and hernia after TRAM flap breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995;96(3):616–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ascherman JA, Seruya M, Bartsich SA. Abdominal wall morbidity following unilateral and bilateral breast reconstruction with pedicled TRAM flaps: an outcomes analysis of 117 consecutive patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121(1):1–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Gill PS, Hunt JP, Guerra AB, et al. A 10-year retrospective review of 758 DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;113(4):1153–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Blondeel PN. One hundred free DIEP flap breast reconstructions: a personal experience. Br J Plast Surg. 1999;52(2):104–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Uda H, Kamochi H, Sarukawa S, Sunaga A, Sugawara Y, Yoshimura K. Clinical and quantitative isokinetic comparison of abdominal morbidity and dynamics following DIEP versus muscle-sparing free TRAM flap breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;140(6):1101–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Nahabedian MY, Momen B. Lower abdominal bulge after deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP) breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;54(2):124–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hamdi M, Weiler-Mithoff EM, Webster MH. Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap in breast reconstruction: experience with the first 50 flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103(1):86–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Uda H, Tomioka YK, Sarukawa S, et al. Abdominal morbidity after single- versus double-pedicled deep inferior epigastric perforator flap use. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2016;69(9):1178–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Chang EI, Chang EI, Soto-Miranda MA, et al. Comprehensive analysis of donor-site morbidity in abdominally based free flap breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;132(6):1383–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Xu H, Dong J, Wang T. Bipedicle deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for unilateral breast reconstruction: seven years’ experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124(6):1797–807.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Barabás AG, Shafighi M, Sassoon EM, Haywood RM. The bilateral DIEP flap: a method of bipedicled anastomosis to a single internal mammary artery and venae comitantes. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(10):1249–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Das-Gupta R, Busic V, Begic A. Deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP) breast reconstruction in the presence of a midline vertical scar. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2006;59(6):675–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Beahm EK, Walton RL. The efficacy of bilateral lower abdominal free flaps for unilateral breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120(1):41–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Soutar DS, Scheker LR, Tanner NS, McGregor IA. The radial forearm flap: a versatile method for intra-oral reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg. 1983;36(1):1–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Foucher G, van Genechten F, Merle N, Michon J. A compound radial artery forearm flap in hand surgery: an original modification of the Chinese forearm flap. Br J Plast Surg. 1984;37(2):139–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Koshima I, Saisho H, Kawada S, Hamanaka T, Umeda N, Moriguchi T. Flow-through thin latissimus dorsi perforator flap for repair of soft-tissue defects in the legs. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103(5):1483–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Schoeller T, Wechselberger G, Roger J, Hussl H, Huemer GM. Management of infraumbilical vertical scars in DIEP-flaps by crossover anastomosis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2007;60(5):524–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Li, Z., Largo, R.D. (2023). Bipedicled Turbocharged DIEP Flaps for Unilateral Breast Reconstruction. In: Li, Z., Song, D. (eds) Oncoplastic Flap Surgery. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8926-1_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8926-1_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-19-8925-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-19-8926-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics