Abstract
Studies in the early period of using rare earth elements in steel applications showed that the role of sulfur in steel is harmful except for easily chipped steel. For example, the hot embrittlement of steel during rolling is caused by FeS, and later, 99.9% of will be added manganese in production. The affinity of manganese for sulfur is higher than that of iron for sulfur. Limitations of using MnS were later found because the early majority of steel deoxidation was inadequate. Because of the presence of oxygen in steel, in hot rail steel, MnS inclusions are elongated, and the mechanical properties of steel are clearly reduced.
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Wang, C. (2023). Role and Application of Rare Earth Elements in Steel. In: Theory and Application of Rare Earth Materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4178-8_8
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