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Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Art to Use Them in the Treatment of Previously Untreatable

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Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from almost all organs and tissues in the human body. For practical purposes, there are two main sources for their isolation and ex vivo expansion – the bone marrow and fat tissue. Based on their inherent plastic adherence properties, the ex vivo expansion of MSCs is a rather simple process. Nevertheless, the biological features (gained from decades of tissue culture experience) are contrary to bureaucratic rules, which govern the good laboratory practice. MSCs cannot be successfully used in the treatment of human diseases if they are not handled optimally akin to the conditions in their natural habitat. Moreover, extrapolation of the data obtained from animal studies (mainly rodents) to humans is unfounded and with little relevance. The therapeutic use of genetically manipulated MSCs in human can be even harmful to patients. The current research paradigm, i.e., the use of MSCs in advanced phases of clinical trials although understandable, is far from personalized medical approach. The use of allogeneic versus autologous MSC in the clinical perspective is still debatable. There is growing evidence that the autologous MSCs derived from sick patients are “ill” in contrast to MSCs derived from healthy allogeneic donors. One can observe various changes at the DNA, RNA, and protein level in these “ill” cells. However, the huge number of cells from ex vivo expanded autologous MSCs can, possibly, overcome these aberrations. The off-the-shelf availability of allogenic MSCs also contributes to their logistic superiority over autologous cells. Moreover, due to almost non-existing immunological barriers, allogenic MSCs are emerging as gold standard and near-optimal cell types for the treatment of various diseases in humans. This chapter reviews the authors experience(s) in the treatment of various diseases with autologous/allogenic MSCs handled optimally ex vivo.

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Abbreviations

DMEM-LG:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium, low glucose

GMP:

Good Manufacturing Practices

GVDH:

Graft-versus-host disease

LG:

Low glucose

LVAD:

Left ventricular assist device

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NYHA:

New York Heart Association

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Jan Lakota

  2. Faculty of Management, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Jan Lakota

  3. Biomedical Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Maria Dubrovcakova

  4. Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia

    Khawaja Husnain Haider

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  1. Jan Lakota
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  2. Maria Dubrovcakova
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  3. Khawaja Husnain Haider
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan Lakota .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia

    Khawaja Husnain Haider

Section Editor information

  1. Cardiac surgery, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Canada

    Rony Atoui

  2. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain

    Maria Alvarez-Viejo

  3. Sulaiman AlRajhi Medical School, Al Bukairiyah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Khawaja Husnain Haider

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Lakota, J., Dubrovcakova, M., Haider, K.H. (2022). Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Art to Use Them in the Treatment of Previously Untreatable. In: Haider, K.H. (eds) Handbook of Stem Cell Therapy. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2655-6_1

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