Abstract
Navigation signal authentication schemes are effective methods to protect civilian receivers against spoofing attacks by providing unforgeable information to verify the authenticity of signals. In this paper Cross-Correlation based Spreading Code Authentication, or CC-SCA, is proposed to authenticate GNSS civilian signals at high time resolution with small storage requirement. CC-SCA employs a cryptographically generated authentication spreading code punctured into public spreading code in civilian signals. Since initial code phases of authentication spreading code are different and derived from security code, a correlation peak can be detected and authenticated in the cross-correlation between baseband signals of different satellites. According to this principle, signal structure and authenticable receiver architecture are proposed while performance metrics and the selection of parameters are analysed. Finally, this scheme is demonstrated with a specific implementation and parameter selection for Beidou B1C civilian signals.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Psiaki, M., Humphreys, T.: Civilian GNSS spoofing, detection, and recovery. In: Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century, pp. 655–680 (2021)
Scott, L.: Anti-spoofing & authenticated signal architectures for civil navigation systems. In: ION GPS/GNSS 2003, pp. 1543–1552 (2003)
Fernandez Hernandez, I., Rijmen, V., et al.: Design drivers, solutions and robustness assessment of navigation message authentication for the Galileo open service. In: ION GNSS+ 2014, pp. 2810–2827 (2014)
Margaria, D., Motella, B., et al.: Signal structure-based authentication for civil GNSSs: recent solutions and perspectives. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 34(5), 27–37 (2017)
Walker, P., Rijmen, V., et al.: Galileo open service authentication: a complete service design and provision analysis. In: ION GNSS+ 2015, pp. 3383–3396 (2015)
Anderson, J., Carroll, K., et al.: Chips-message robust authentication (Chimera) for GPS civilian signals. In: ION GNSS+ 2017, pp. 2388–2416 (2017)
Gotzelmann, M., Koller, E., et al.: Galileo open service navigation message authentication: preparation phase and drivers for future service provision. In: ION GNSS+ 2021, pp. 385–401 (2021)
Hinks, J., Gillis, J., et al.: Signal and data authentication experiments on NTS-3. In: ION GNSS+ 2021, pp. 3621–3641 (2021)
Humphreys, T.: Detection strategy for cryptographic GNSS anti-spoofing. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 49(2), 1073–1090 (2013)
Perrig, A., Canetti, R., et al.: The TESLA broadcast authentication protocol. CryptoBytes 5(2), 2–13 (2002)
Yuan, M., Lv, Z., Chen, H., Li, J., Ou, G.: An implementation of navigation message authentication with reserved bits for civil BDS anti-spoofing. In: Sun, J., Liu, J., Yang, Y., Fan, S., Yu, W. (eds.) CSNC 2017. LNEE, vol. 438, pp. 69–80. Springer, Singapore (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4591-2_6
Yuan, M., Liu, Z., Tang, X., Lou, S., Ou, G.: Design of navigation message authentication assisted by ground based augmentation systems. In: Sun, J., Yang, C., Guo, S. (eds.) CSNC 2018. LNEE, vol. 497, pp. 779–787. Springer, Singapore (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0005-9_64
Shnidman, D.: The calculation of the probability of detection and the generalized marcum Q-function. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 35(2), 389–400 (1989)
Sarto, C., Pozzobon O., et al.: Implementation and testing of OSNMA for Galileo. In: ION GNSS+ 2017, pp. 1508–1519 (2017)
Nicola, M., Motella, B.: The Chimera solution: performance assessment. In: The European Navigation Conference ENC (2020)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Aerospace Information Research Institute
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yuan, M., Tang, X., Lou, S., Ma, C., Ou, G. (2022). Cross-Correlation Based Spreading Code Authentication Scheme for Civil GNSS Signals. In: Yang, C., Xie, J. (eds) China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2022) Proceedings. CSNC 2022. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 909. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2580-1_43
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2580-1_43
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-2579-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-2580-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)