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Vascular Diseases

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Pediatric Neuroimaging

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Abstract

Cerebrovascular diseases, such as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), Aorto-Arteritis, vein of Galen malformation, developmental venous anomaly, cavernous malformation, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), and so on, act as the major causes that lead to disability and death of children. Although the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in children is lower than that in adults, it does great harm. Due to the young age of children, cerebrovascular diseases may directly affect the children’s life if they are not diagnosed and treated on time. In recent years, the understanding of cerebrovascular diseases in children has become more and more thorough. There are obvious differences between the clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular diseases in children and adults. For example, some children have transient ischemic attacks, but the lesion of cerebral infarction is not that apparent in imaging examination. Some children with venous sinus thrombosis only present with headache or epilepsy; Children with “stroke-like episodes,” on the other hand, may have migraine or metabolic disease without obvious vascular anomalies. The types of cerebrovascular diseases in children change with age, and the risk factors for stroke in children are more complex compared with adults. As adults, stroke is mainly related to atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, alcoholism, smoking, and so on, but these risk factors are relatively rare in pediatric patients. The clinical diagnosis of stroke in children is more difficult as well. Therefore, how to diagnose cerebrovascular diseases effectively and quickly in children and provide targeted treatment in time is really an important issue in clinical practice. With the development of imaging technology, especially the wide application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), different types of cerebrovascular diseases can be detected and distinguished accurately, and the detection rate of cerebrovascular diseases in children has been improved. The developing imaging technologies can aid in the early detection and diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases and are beneficial to their treatments.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

    Honglei Shang

  2. Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

    Xin Zhao & Xiaoan Zhang

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  1. Honglei Shang
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  2. Xin Zhao
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Correspondence to Xiaoan Zhang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

    Hongsheng Liu

  2. Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

    Xiaoan Zhang

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Shang, H., Zhao, X., Zhang, X. (2022). Vascular Diseases. In: Liu, H., Zhang, X. (eds) Pediatric Neuroimaging. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7928-5_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7928-5_4

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  • Print ISBN: 978-981-16-7927-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-16-7928-5

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