Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Current Insights on the Modulation of Gut Microbiome and Its Effect on Human Health

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis

  • 1713 Accesses

Abstract

The gut of human beings is inhabited by a diverse group of microorganisms, around trillions, which makes it a new essential endocrine organ and shows a symbiotic connection with a host, and they metabolize the food ingested and produce diverse bioactive and dietary compounds. This may include organic acids, bacteriocins, and short-chain fatty acids, which provide potential to impact on physiological and pathological conditions of the host and maintain homeostasis. In recent times, due to rapid advancement in technology, our understanding about microbiome has also expanded. The modulation of the microbiome leads to disturbance in homeostasis, which causes imbalance and leads to dysbiosis, and the gut barrier integrity gets disturbed and immunological reaction leads to inflammation. This chapter reviews the current insights on various diseases and gastroenterological disorders associated with the modulation of the gut microbiome and how probiotics help in maintaining the healthy gut with intact gut barrier by regulating the expression of tight junction proteins, perhaps leading to good human health.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agrawal A, Houghton LA, Morris J, Reilly B, Guyonnet D, Goupil Feuillerat N, Schlumberger A, Jakob S, Whorwell PJ (2009) Clinical trial: the effects of a fermented milk product containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 on abdominal distension and gastrointestinal transit in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Aliment Pharm Ther 29(1):104–114

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed HG, Ginawi IA, Elasbali AM, Ashankyty IM, Al-Hazimi AM (2014) Prevalence of obesity in hail region, KSA: in a comprehensive survey. J Obesity 2014:961861

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahn SB, Jun DW, Kang BK, Lim JH, Lim S, Chung MJ (2019) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of a multispecies probiotic mixture in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 9(1):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen-Vercoe E, Jobin C (2014) Fusobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae: important players for CRC? Immunol Lett 162(2):54–61

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Almeida CC, Lorena SLS, Pavan CR, Akasaka HMI, Mesquita MA (2012) Beneficial effects of long-term consumption of a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Bifidobacterium breve Yakult may persist after suspension of therapy in lactose-intolerant patients. Nutr Clin Pract 27(2):247–251

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ananthakrishnan AN (2015) Epidemiology and risk factors for IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(4):205

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Armelao F, de Pretis G (2014) Familial colorectal cancer: a review. World J Gastroenterol 20(28):9292

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Asha DG, Gayathri D (2012) Synergistic impact of Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum and vincristine on 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in mice. Exp Ther Med 3(6):1049–1054

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Azad M, Kalam A, Sarker M, Li T, Yin J (2018) Probiotic species in the modulation of gut microbiota: an overview. Biomed Res Int 2018:9478630

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barr W, Smith A (2014) Acute diarrhea in adults. Am Fam Physician 89(3):180–189

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Basu S, Chatterjee M, Ganguly S, Chandra PK (2007) Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in persistent diarrhea in Indian children: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 41(8):756–760

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bellenger J, Bellenger S, Escoula Q, Bidu C, Narce M (2019) N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: an innovative strategy against obesity and related metabolic disorders, intestinal alteration and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Biochimie 159:66–71

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, Waget A, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, Burcelin R (2008) Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet–induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes 57(6):1470–1481

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cassiem W, de Kock M (2019) The anti-proliferative effect of apricot and peach kernel extracts on human colon cancer cells in vitro. BMC Complement Altern Med 19(1):32

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee S, Khunti K, Davies MJ (2017) Type 2 diabetes. Lancet 389(10085):2239–2251

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng SH, Rich DP, Marshall J, Gregory RJ, Welsh MJ, Smith AE (1991) Phosphorylation of the R domain by cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulates the CFTR chloride channel. Cell 66(5):1027–1036

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chong PP, Chin VK, Looi CY, Wong WF, Madhavan P, Yong VC (2019) The microbiome and irritable bowel syndrome–a review on the pathophysiology, current research and future therapy. Front Microbiol 10:1136

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ciacci C, Maiuri L, Russo I, Tortora R, Bucci C, Cappello C, Santonicola A, Luciani A, Passananti V, Iovino P (2009) Efficacy of budesonide therapy in the early phase of treatment of adult coeliac disease patients with malabsorption: an in vivo/in vitro pilot study. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 36:1170–1176

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corado A, de Sousa M, Graziany R, Borges P, Gomes N, Leticia T, Oliveira P, Felipe J (2017) The additional effects of a probiotic mix on abdominal adiposity and antioxidant status: a double-blind, randomized trial. Obesity 25(1):30–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Creely SJ, McTernan PG, Kusminski CM, Fisher FM, Da Silva NF, Khanolkar M et al (2007) Lipopolysaccharide activates an innate immune system response in human adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292(3):E740–E747

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • D’Argenio V, Salvatore F (2015) The role of the gut microbiome in the healthy adult status. Clin Chim Acta 451:97–102

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Angelis M, Coda R, Silano M, Minervini F, Rizzello CG, Di Cagno R, Vicentini O, De Vincenzi M, Gobbetti M (2006a) Fermentation by selected sourdough lactic acid bacteria to decrease the intolerance to rye and barley flours. J Cereal Sci 43:301–314

    Google Scholar 

  • De Angelis M, Rizzello CG, Fasano A, Clemente MG, De Simone C, Silano M, De Vincenzi M, Losito I, Gobbetti M (2006b) VSL# 3 probiotic preparation has the capacity to hydrolyze gliadin polypeptides responsible for celiac sprue probiotics and gluten intolerance. Biochim Biophys Acta 1762(1):80–93

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiBaise JK, Zhang H, Crowell MD, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Decker GA, Rittmann BE (2008) Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity. In: Mayo clinic proceedings, vol 83. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 460–469

    Google Scholar 

  • Donath MY, Shoelson SE (2011) Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol 11(2):98–107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dube C, Rostom A, Sy R, Cranney A, Saloojee N, Garritty C, Sampson M, Zhang L, Yazdi F, Mamaladze V, Pan I, Macneil J, Mack D, Patel D, Moher D (2005) The prevalence of celiac disease in average-risk and at-risk Western European populations: a systematic review. Gastroenterology 128:S57–S67

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eckburg PB, Bik EM, Bernstein CN, Purdom E, Dethlefsen L, Sargent M et al (2005) Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora. Science 308:1635–1638

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Egshatyan L, Kashtanova D, Popenko A, Tkacheva O, Tyakht A, Alexeev D et al (2016) Gut microbiota and diet in patients with different glucose tolerance. Endocr Connect 5(1):1–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Everard A, Belzer C, Geurts L, Ouwerkerk JP, Druart C, Bindels LB et al (2013) Cross-talk between Akkermansiamuciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110(22):9066–9071

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Famouri F, Shariat Z, Hashemipour M, Keikha M, Kelishadi R (2017) Effects of probiotics on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 64(3):413–417

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feng Z, Long W, Hao B, Ding D, Ma X, Zhao L, Pang X (2017) A human stool-derived Bilophilawadsworthia strain caused systemic inflammation in specific-pathogen-free mice. Gut Pathog 9(1):59

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández-Bañares F, Accarino A, Balboa A, Domènech E, Esteve M, Garcia-Planella E et al (2016) Chronic diarrhoea: definition, classification and diagnosis. Gastroenterol Hepatol 39(8):535–559

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Firouzi S, Majid HA, Ismail A, Kamaruddin NA, Barakatun-Nisak MY (2017) Effect of multi-strain probiotics (multi-strain microbial cell preparation) on glycemic control and other diabetes-related outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 56(4):1535–1550

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gass J, Ehren J, Strohmeier G, Isaacs I, Khosla C (2005) Fermentation, purification, formulation, and pharmacological evaluation of a prolyl endopeptidase from Myxococcusxanthus: implications for celiac sprue therapy. Biotechnol Bioeng 92(6):674–684

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gayathri D, Rashmi BS (2014) Development of celiac disease; pathogenesis and strategies to control: a molecular approach. J Nutr Food Sci 4:310. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gayathri D, Vasudha M (2018) Lactose intolerance with special emphasis on probiotics for management. EC Nutr 13(5):325–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghaisas S, Maher J, Kanthasamy A (2016) Gut microbiome in health and disease: linking the microbiome–gut–brain axis and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of systemic and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 158:52–62

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Green PH, Cellier C (2007) Celiac disease. New england J Med 357(17):1731–1743

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE (2014) Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 103(2):137–149

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hadjivasilis A, Tsioutis C, Michalinos A, Ntourakis D, Christodoulou DK, Agouridis AP (2019) New insights into irritable bowel syndrome: from pathophysiology to treatment. Ann Gastroenterol 32(6):554

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington LK et al (2008) A re-appraisal of lactose intolerance. Int J Clin Pract 62(10):1541–1546

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He T, Priebe MG, Zhong Y, Huang C, Harmsen HJM, Raangs GC et al (2008) Effects of yogurt and bifidobacteria supplementation on the colonic microbiota in lactose-intolerant subjects. J Appl Microbiol 104(2):595–604

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heyman MB (2006) Lactose intolerance in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics 118(3):1279–1286

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hill ID (2006) Management of celiac disease in childhood and adolescence: unique challenges and strategies. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 9:399–408

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges K, Gill R (2010) Infectious diarrhea: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Gut Microbes 1(1):4–21

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Horner TW et al (2011) β-Galactosidase activity of commercial lactase samples in raw and pasteurized milk at refrigerated temperatures. J Dairy Sci 94(7):3242–3249

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang X, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z (2018) The PI3K/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Biol Sci 14(11):1483

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Isolauri E (2003) Probiotics for infectious diarrhoea. Gut 52(3):436–437

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jain N, Walker WA (2015) Diet and host–microbial crosstalk in postnatal intestinal immune homeostasis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(1):14

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khalighi A, Behdani R, Kouhestani S (2016) Probiotics: a comprehensive review of their classification, mode of action and role in human nutrition. InTech, London, pp 19–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim J, Yun JM, Kim MK, Kwon O, Cho B (2018) Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 supplementation reduces the visceral fat accumulation and waist circumference in obese adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Med Food 21(5):454–461

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kostic AD, Chun E, Robertson L, Glickman JN, Gallini CA, Michaud M, El-Omar EM (2013) Fusobacterium nucleatum potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis and modulates the tumor-immune microenvironment. Cell Host Microbe 14(2):207–215

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Laparra JM, Sanz Y (2010) Bifidobacteria inhibit the inflammatory response induced by gliadins in intestinal epithelial cells via modifications of toxic peptide generation during digestion. J Cell Biochem 109(4):801–807

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen N, Vogensen FK, Van Den Berg FW, Nielsen DS, Andreasen AS, Pedersen BK et al (2010) Gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differs from non-diabetic adults. PLoS One 5(2):e9085

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lazaridis N, Germanidis G (2018) Current insights into the innate immune system dysfunction in irritable bowel syndrome. Ann Gastroenterol 31(2):171

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lei M, Guo C, Wang D, Zhang C, Hua L (2017) The effect of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota on knee osteoarthritis: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Benef Microbes 8(5):697–703

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Zhang W, Wang C, Yu Q, Dai R, Pei X (2012) Lactococcuslactis expressing food-grade β-galactosidase alleviates lactose intolerance symptoms in post-weaning Balb/c mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 96(6):1499–1506

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li YY, Ge QX, Cao J, Zhou YJ, Du YL, Shen B et al (2016) Association of Fusobacterium nucleatum infection with colorectal cancer in Chinese patients. World J Gastroenterol 22(11):3227

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liang L, Pinier M, Leroux JC, Subirade M (2009) Interaction of alpha-gliadin with poly (HEMA-co-SS): structural characterization and biological implication. Biopolymers 91:169–178

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lilly DM, Stillwell RH (1965) Probiotics: growth-promoting factors produced by microorganisms. Science 147(3659):747–748

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindfors K, Blomqvist T, Juuti-Uusitalo K, Stenman S, Venäläinen J, Mäki M, Kaukinen K (2008) Live probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis bacteria inhibit the toxic effects induced by wheat gliadin in epithelial cell culture. Clin Exp Immunol 152(3):552–558

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z, Li N, Neu J (2005) Tight junctions, leaky intestines, and pediatric diseases. Acta Paediatr 94(4):386–393

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z, Qin H, Yang Z, Xia Y, Liu W, Yang J, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Yang Z, Wang Y, Zheng Q (2011) Randomised clinical trial: the effects of perioperative probiotic treatment on barrier function and post-operative infectious complications in colorectal cancer surgery–a double-blind study. Aliment Pharm Ther 33(1):50–63

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lorand L, Graham RM (2003) Transglutaminases: crosslinking enzymes with pleiotropic functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4(2):140–156

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ludvigsson JF, Falth-Magnusson K, Ludvigsson J (2001) Tissue transglutaminase auto-antibodies in cord blood from children to become celiacs. Scand J Gastroenterol 36:1279–1283

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luyer BL, Makhoul G, Duhamel JF (2010) A multicentric study of a lactose free formula supplemented with Saccharomyces boulardii in children with acute diarrhea. Arch Pédiatr 17(5):459–465

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lyu JL, Wang TM, Chen YH, Chang ST, Wu MS, Lin YH, Lin YH, Kuan CM (2020) Oral intake of Streptococcus thermophilus improves knee osteoarthritis degeneration: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Heliyon 6(4):e03757

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mármol I, Sánchez-de-Diego C, PradillaDieste A, Cerrada E, Rodriguez Yoldi MJ (2017) Colorectal carcinoma: a general overview and future perspectives in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 18(1):197

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews SB et al (2005) Systemic lactose intolerance: a new perspective on an old problem. Postgrad Med J 81(953):167–173

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Musumeci G, Aiello FC, Szychlinska MA, Di Rosa M, Castrogiovanni P, Mobasheri A (2015) Osteoarthritis in the XXIst century: risk factors and behaviours that influence disease onset and progression. Int J Mol Sci 16(3):6093–6112

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ning L, Liu R, Lou X, Du H, Chen W, Zhang F et al (2019) Association between helicobacter pylori infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31(7):735–742

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Mahony L, McCarthy J, Kelly P, Hurley G, Luo F, Chen K, O’Sullivan GC, Kiely B, Collins JK, Shanahan F, Quigley EM (2005) Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in irritable bowel syndrome: symptom responses and relationship to cytokine profiles. Gastroenterology 128(3):541–551

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ojetti V, Gigante G, Ainora ME, Gabrielli M, Migneco A, Gasbarrini G, Silveri NG, Gasbarrini A (2009) S1213 the effect of oral supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri or tilactase in lactose-intolerant patients: a placebo controlled study. Gastroenterology 136(5):214

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson BM, Lammers KM, Arrieta MC, Fasano A, Meddings JB (2007) The safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of single doses of AT-1001 in coeliac disease subjects: a proof of concept study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 26(5):757–766

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pothuraju R, Krishn SR, Gautam SK, Pai P, Ganguly K, Chaudhary S et al (2020) Mechanistic and functional shades of mucins and associated glycans in colon cancer. Cancer 12(3):649

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quesada-Vázquez S, Aragonès G, Del Bas JM, Escoté X (2020) Review diet, gut microbiota and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: three parts of the same axis. Cell 9(1):2073–4409

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouxinol-Dias AL, Pinto AR, Janeiro C, Rodrigues D, Moreira M, Dias J, Pereira P (2016) Probiotics for the control of obesity–its effect on weight change. Porto Biomed J 1(1):12–24

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Safari Z, Gérard P (2019) The links between the gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cell Mol Life Sci 76(8):1541–1558

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savaiano D et al (2011) Lactose intolerance: an unnecessary risk for low bone density. In: Nestle nutrition workshop series pediatric program, vol 67, pp 161–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt TS, Raes J, Bork P (2018) The human gut microbiome: from association to modulation. Cell 172(6):1198–1215

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schott EM, Farnsworth CW, Grier A, Lillis JA, Soniwala S, Dadourian GH et al (2018) Targeting the gut microbiome to treat the osteoarthritis of obesity. JCI Insight 3(8):e95997

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sears CL, Geis AL, Housseau F (2014) Bacteroidesfragilis subverts mucosal biology: from symbiont to colon carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 124(10):4166–4172

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shah NJ, Swami OC (2017) Role of probiotics in diabetes: a review of their rationale and efficacy. Diabetes 5:104–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Shamoon M, Martin NM, O'Brien CL (2019) Recent advances in gut Microbiota mediated therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel diseases: Emerging modalities for future pharmacological implications. Pharmacol Res 148:104344

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds M, Llewellyn A, Owen CG, Woolacott N (2016) Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 17(2):95–107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sollid LM (2000) Molecular basis of celiac disease. Annu Rev Immunol 18:53–81

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sood A, Midha V, Makharia GK, Ahuja V, Singal D, Goswami P, Tandon RK (2009) The probiotic preparation, VSL#3 induces remission in patients with mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 7(11):1202–1209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2009.07.016

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steed H, Macfarlane GT, Blackett KL, Bahrami B, Reynolds N, Walsh SV, Cummings JH, Macfarlane S (2010) Clinical trial: the microbiological and immunological effects of synbiotic consumption—a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in active Crohn’s disease. Aliment Pharm Ther 32(7):872–883

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strege PR, Mazzone A, Bernard CE, Neshatian L, Gibbons SJ, Saito YA et al (2018) Irritable bowel syndrome patients have SCN5A channelopathies that lead to decreased NaV1. 5 current and mechanosensitivity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 314(4):G494–G503

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sutcliffe M (2019) Irritable bowel syndrome. InnovAiT 12(9):497–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/1755738019855099

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szychlinska MA, Di Rosa M, Castorina A, Mobasheri A, Musumeci G (2019) A correlation between intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and osteoarthritis. Heliyon 5(1):e01134

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tonucci LB, Dos Santos KMO, de Oliveira LL, Ribeiro SMR, Martino HSD (2017) Clinical application of probiotics in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Nutr 36(1):85–92

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI (2006) An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 444(7122):1027

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Velayutham P, Velayutham S (2019) A comprehensive study on colorectal malignancies. Int Surg J 6(5):1500–1504

    Google Scholar 

  • Venegas DP, Marjorie K, Landskron G, González MJ, Quera R, Dijkstra G et al (2019) Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-mediated gut epithelial and immune regulation and its relevance for inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol 10:277

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Visser J, Rozing J, Sapone A, Lammers K, Fasano A (2009) Tight junctions, intestinal permeability, and autoimmunity: celiac disease and type 1 diabetes paradigms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1165:195–205

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Warren TY, Barry V, Hooker SP, Sui X, Church TS, Blair SN (2010) Sedentary behaviors increase risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42(5):879

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan J, Chen C, Cui J, Lu J, Yan C, Wei X et al (2019) Fatty liver disease caused by high-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cell Metab 30(4):675–688

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zaharuddin L, Mokhtar NM, Nawawi KNM, Ali RAR (2019) A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of probiotics in post-surgical colorectal cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 19(1):131

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zeddou M (2019) Osteoarthritis is a low-grade inflammatory disease: obesity’s involvement and herbal treatment. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019:2037484

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Studies in Microbiology, Davanagere University, Shivagangothri, Davanagere, Karnataka, India

    Devaraja Gayathri, Chakra Siddappa Prashantkumar & Mahanthesh Vasudha

Authors
  1. Devaraja Gayathri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chakra Siddappa Prashantkumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mahanthesh Vasudha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada, Maharashtra, India

    R. Z. Sayyed

  2. Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India

    Mahejibin Khan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gayathri, D., Prashantkumar, C.S., Vasudha, M. (2022). Current Insights on the Modulation of Gut Microbiome and Its Effect on Human Health. In: Sayyed, R.Z., Khan, M. (eds) Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1626-6_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation