Skip to main content

Handwritten Indic Digit Recognition Using Deep Hybrid Capsule Network

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Advances in Computational Intelligence

Abstract

Indian subcontinent is a birthplace of multilingual people where documents such as job application form, passport, number plate identification and so forth are written in different languages. These languages may be in the form of different Indic digits in a single page. So, building a generic recognizer that is capable of recognizing handwritten Indic digits written by diverse writers is needed. Also, numerous works have been done on non-Indic numerals particularly, in case of Roman, but, in case of Indic digits, the research is limited. Moreover, most of the research focuses only on MNIST datasets or with only single datasets, either because of time restraints or because the model is tailored to a specific task. In this work, a hybrid model is developed to recognize all available Indic handwritten digit images using the existing benchmark datasets. The proposed method bridges the automatically learnt features of capsule network with handcrafted bag of feature (BoF) extraction method. Along the way, we analyze (1) the successes and (2) explore whether this method will perform well on more difficult conditions, i.e., noise, color, affine transformations, intra-class variation and natural scenes. Experimental results confirm that the developed method gives better accuracy in comparison with capsule network.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sawe BE Handwriting database (2018). https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-most-widely-spoken-languages-in-india.html. Accessed 3 July 2019

  2. Indian Languages—Defining India’s Internet—KPMG International Cooperative [NL] (2017). https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/in/pdf/2017/04/Indian-languages-Defining-Indias-Internet.pdf. Accessed 4 July 2019

  3. Kunchukuttan A, Puduppully R, Bhattacharyya P (2015) Brahmi-net: a transliteration and script conversion system for languages of the Indian subcontinent. In: Proceedings of the 2015 conference of the North American chapter of the association for computational linguistics: demonstrations, pp 81–85

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kunchukuttan A, Bhattacharyya P (2020) Utilizing language relatedness to improve machine translation: a case study on languages of the Indian subcontinent. arXiv:2003.08925

  5. Meedeniya D, Perera A (2009) Evaluation of partition-based text clustering techniques to categorize Indic language documents. In: 2009 IEEE international advance computing conference, pp 1497–1500. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  6. Obaidullah SM, Santosh K, Das N, Halder C, Roy K (2018) Handwritten Indic script identification in multi-script document images: a survey. Int J Pattern Recogn Artif Intel 32(10):1856012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Pratt S, Ochoa A, Yadav M, Sheta A, Eldefrawy M (2019) Handwritten digits recognition using convolution neural networks. J Comput Sci Colleges 40

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lopez B, Nguyen MA, Walia A (2019) Modified mnist

    Google Scholar 

  9. Majumder S, von der Malsburg C, Richhariya A, Bhanot S (2018) Handwritten digit recognition by elastic matching. arXiv:1807.09324

  10. Dhannoon BN (2013) Handwritten Hindi numerals recognition. Int J Innov Appl Stud

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chaudhary M, Mirja MH, Mittal N (2014) Hindi numeral recognition using neural network. Int J Sci Eng Res 5(6):260–268

    Google Scholar 

  12. Singh G, Lehri S (2012) Recognition of handwritten Hindi characters using backpropagation neural network. Int J Comput Sci Inf Technol 3(4):4892–4895

    Google Scholar 

  13. Noor R, Islam KM, Rahimi MJ (2018) Handwritten bangla numeral recognition using ensembling of convolutional neural network. In: 2018 21st international conference of computer and information technology (ICCIT), pp 1–6. IEEE

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kumar M, Jindal M, Sharma R, Jindal SR (2019) Performance evaluation of classifiers for the recognition of offline handwritten Gurmukhi characters and numerals: a study. Artif Intell Rev 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pauly L, Raj RD, Paul B (2015) Hand written digit recognition system for south Indian languages using artificial neural networks. In: 2015 Eighth international conference on contemporary computing (IC3). IEEE, New York, pp 122–126

    Google Scholar 

  16. Alghazo JM, Latif G, Alzubaidi L, Elhassan A (2019) Multi-language handwritten digits recognition based on novel structural features. J Imag Sci Technol 63(2):20501–20502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Prabhu VU, Han S, Yap DA, Douhaniaris M, Seshadri P, Whaley J (2019) Fonts-2-handwriting: a seed-augment-train framework for universal digit classification. arXiv:1905.08633

  18. Alom MZ, Sidike P, Taha TM, Asari VK (2017) Handwritten Bangla digit recognition using deep learning. arXiv:1705.02680

  19. Ashiquzzaman A, Tushar AK (2017) Handwritten Arabic numeral recognition using deep learning neural networks. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Imaging, Vision & Pattern Recognition (icIVPR). IEEE, pp 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sabour S, Frosst N, Hinton GE (2017) Dynamic routing between capsules. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 3856–3866

    Google Scholar 

  21. LeCun Y, Cortes C, Burges C (2010) Mnist handwritten digit database, vol 3, no 1. http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist

  22. Dhandra B, Benne R, Hangarge M (2010) Kannada, Telugu and Devanagari handwritten numeral recognition with probabilistic neural network: a novel approach. Int J Comput Appl 26(9):83–88

    Google Scholar 

  23. Das N, Reddy JM, Sarkar R, Basu S, Kundu M, Nasipuri M, Basu DK (2012) A statistical-topological feature combination for recognition of handwritten numerals. Appl Soft Comput 12(8):2486–2495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Das N, Sarkar R, Basu S, Kundu M, Nasipuri M, Basu DK (2012) A genetic algorithm based region sampling for selection of local features in handwritten digit recognition application. Appl Soft Comput 12(5):1592–1606

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Reduanul Haque .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Reduanul Haque, M., Hafiz, R., Zahidul Islam, M., Khatun, A., Akter, M., Shorif Uddin, M. (2021). Handwritten Indic Digit Recognition Using Deep Hybrid Capsule Network. In: Uddin, M.S., Bansal, J.C. (eds) Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Advances in Computational Intelligence. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0586-4_43

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics