Abstract
This review discusses the relative merits of direct and heterodyne techniques for detection in the submillimeter band. A variety of astronomical observing conditions is examined, including those for mountain-top and space telescopes. The spectral resolution (Δν/ν) of the observation is shown to be an important factor in the decision between direct and heterodyne techniques and this is examined for resolutions ranging from 10−1 to 10−7, relevant respectively to measurements on continuum objects and quiescent interstellar clouds. The conclusions reached can be summarized by the approximate statement that direct detection is preferable for resolutions worse than 10−3. Heterodyne detection is preferable for all better resolutions, longward of a wavelength of about 100 μ m. The most effective detection element for heterodyne receivers in the submillimeter band is the superconducting tunnel junction (SIS). The physics of this device is described and reasons given for its suitability. Some recent innovations in terms of materials, microcircuits and radiation coupling schemes are presented.
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Phillips, T.G. (1988). Techniques of Submillimeter Astronomy. In: Wolstencroft, R.D., Burton, W.B. (eds) Millimetre and Submillimetre Astronomy. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 147. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3019-3_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3019-3_1
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