Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chemotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

There are various roles of chemotherapy for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The standard treatment for metastatic esophageal cancer has been 5-FU and cisplatin for decades. Recently, taxanes and targeted therapies are on the way of development. Definitive chemoradiotherapy is a standard treatment for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who refuse surgery or are ineligible for surgery. Since the 1990s, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (CF) plus radiation (RT) at a dose of 60 or 50.4 Gy has been the standard treatment. Replacement of cisplatin with oxaliplatin was evaluated in the PRODIGE 5 trial. From the results of the SCOPE1 and RTOG0436 trials, addition of cetuximab for definitive chemoradiotherapy seemed to have a negative effect on survival. Therefore, more effective drugs or strategies are needed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Lordick F, Ott K, Krause BJ, Weber WA, Becker K, Stein HJ, Lorenzen S, Schuster T, Wieder H, Herrmann K, Bredenkamp R, Höfler H, Fink U, Peschel C, Schwaiger M, Siewert JR (2007) PET to assess early metabolic response and to guide treatment of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction: the MUNICON phase II trial. Lancet Oncol 8:797–805

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Tancini G, Bajetta E, Bonadonna G (1974) Bleomycin alone and in combination with methotrexate in the treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus. Tumori 60:65–71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bonadonna G, De Lena M, Monfardini S, Bartoli C, Bajetta E, Beretta G, Fossati-Bellani F (1972) Clinical trials with bleomycin in lymphomas and in solid tumors. Eur J Cancer 8:205–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ravry M, Moertel CG, Schutt AJ, Hahn RG, Reitemeier RJ (1973) Treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract with bleomycin (NSC-125066). Cancer Chemother Rep 57:493–495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ezdinli EZ, Gelber R, Desai DV, Falkson G, Moertel CG, Hahn RG (1980) Chemotherapy of advanced esophageal carcinoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience. Cancer 46:2149–2153

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Akutsu Y, Kono T, Uesato M, Hoshino I, Narushima K, Hanaoka T, Tochigi T, Semba Y, Qin W, Matsubara H (2013) S-1 monotherapy as second- or third-line chemotherapy for unresectable and recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncology 84:305–310

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bleiberg H, Conroy T, Paillot B, Lacave AJ, Blijham G, Jacob JH, Bedenne L, Namer M, De Besi P, Gay F, Collette L, Sahmoud T (1997) Randomised phase II study of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus cisplatin alone in advanced squamous cell oesophageal cancer. Eur J Cancer 33:1216–1220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Mannell A, Winters Z (1989) Carboplatin in the treatment of oesophageal cancer. S Afr Med J 76:213–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Queisser W, Preusser P, Mross KB, Fritze D, Rieche K, Beyer JH, Achterrath W, Edler L (1990) Phase II evaluation of carboplatin in advanced esophageal carcinoma. A trial of the Phase I/II study group of the Association for Medical Oncology of the German Cancer Society. Onkologie 13:190–193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Taguchi T, Wakui A, Nabeya K, Kurihara M, Isono K, Kakegawa T, Ota K (1992) A phase II clinical study of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, for gastrointestinal cancers. 254-S Gastrointestinal Cancer Study Group. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 19:483–488

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ajani JA, Ilson DH, Daugherty K, Pazdur R, Lynch PM, Kelsen DP (1994) Activity of taxol in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:1086–1091

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ilson DH, Wadleigh RG, Leichman LP, Kelsen DP (2007) Paclitaxel given by a weekly 1-h infusion in advanced esophageal cancer. Ann Oncol 18:898–902

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kato K, Tahara M, Hironaka S, Muro K, Takiuchi H, Hamamoto Y, Imamoto H, Amano N, Seriu T (2011) A phase II study of paclitaxel by weekly 1-h infusion for advanced or recurrent esophageal cancer in patients who had previously received platinum-based chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 67:1265–1272

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Einzig AI, Neuberg D, Remick SC, Karp DD, O’Dwyer PJ, Stewart JA, Benson AB 3rd (1996) Phase II trial of docetaxel (Taxotere) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract previously untreated with cytotoxic chemotherapy: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) results of protocol E1293. Med Oncol 13:87–93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Heath EI, Urba S, Marshall J, Piantadosi S, Forastiere AA (2002) Phase II trial of docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with incurable adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Invest New Drugs 20:95–99

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Muro K, Hamaguchi T, Ohtsu A, Boku N, Chin K, Hyodo I, Fujita H, Takiyama W, Ohtsu T (2004) A phase II study of single-agent docetaxel in patients with metastatic esophageal cancer. Ann Oncol 15:955–959

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kelsen DP, Bains M, Cvitkovic E, Golbey R (1979) Vindesine in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma: a phase II study. Cancer Treat Rep 63:2019–2021

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bedikian AY, Valdivieso M, Bodey GP, Freireich EJ (1979) Phase II evaluation of vindesine in the treatment of colorectal and esophageal tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2:263–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bezwoda WR, Derman DP, Weaving A, Nissenbaum M (1984) Treatment of esophageal cancer with vindesine: an open trial. Cancer Treat Rep 68:783–785

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Conroy T, Etienne PL, Adenis A, Wagener DJ, Paillot B, François E, Bedenne L, Jacob JH, Seitz JF, Bleiberg H, Van Pottelsberghe C, Van Glabbeke M, Delgado FM, Merle S, Wils J (1996) Phase II trial of vinorelbine in metastatic squamous cell esophageal carcinoma. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Treat Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 14:164–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Harstrick A, Bokemeyer C, Preusser P, Köhne-Wömpner CH, Meyer HJ, Stahl M, Knipp H, Schmoll HJ, Wilke H (1992) Phase II study of single-agent etoposide in patients with metastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 29:321–322

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Mühr-Wilkenshoff F, Hinkelbein W, Ohnesorge I, Wolf KJ, Riecken EO, Zeitz M, Scherübl H (2003) A pilot study of irinotecan (CPT-11) as single-agent therapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal carcinoma. Int J Colorectal Dis 18:330–334

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Nanus DM, Kelsen DP, Lipperman R, Eisenberger M (1988) Phase II trial of ifosfamide in epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus: unexpectant severe toxicity. Invest New Drugs 6:239–241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sandler AB, Kindler HL, Einhorn LH, Mitchell E, Masters G, Kraut M, Nicol S, Raghavan D (2000) Phase II trial of gemcitabine in patients with previously untreated metastatic cancer of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction. Ann Oncol 11:1161–1164

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Mannell A, Becker PJ, Melissas J, Diamantes T (1986) Intubation v. dilatation plus bleomycin in the treatment of advanced oesophageal cancer. The results of a prospective randomized trial. S Aft J Surg 24:15–19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Engstrom PF, Lavin PT, Klaassen DJ (1983) Phase II evaluation of mitomycin and cisplatin in advanced esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rep 67:713–715

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Panettiere FJ, Leichman LP, Tilchen EJ, Chen TT (1984) Chemotherapy for advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus with single-agent cisplatin: final report on a Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer Treat Rep 68:1023–1024

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rowinsky EK, Cazenave LA, Donehower RC (1990) Taxol: a novel investigational antimicrotubule agent. J Natl Cancer Inst 82:1247–1259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Coonley CJ, Bains M, Heelan R, Dukeman M, Kelsen DP (1983) Phase II study of etoposide in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rep 67:397–398

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Radice PA, Bunn PA Jr, Ihde DC (1979) Therapeutic trials with VP-16-213 and VM-26: active agents in small cell lung cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, and other malignancies. Cancer Treat Rep 63:1231–1239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Levard H, Pouliquen X, Hay JM, Fingerhut A, Langlois-Zantain O, Huguier M, Lozach P, Testart J (1998) 5-Fluorouracil and cisplatin as palliative treatment of advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A multicentre randomised controlled trial. The French Associations for Surgical Research. Eur J Surg 164:849–857

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Iizuka T, Kakegawa T, Ide H, Ando N, Watanabe H, Tanaka O, Takagi I, Isono K, Ishida K, Arimori M et al (1992) Phase II evaluation of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a Japanese Esophageal Oncology Group Trial. Jpn J Clin Oncol 22:172–176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hayashi K, Ando N, Watanabe H, Ide H, Nagai K, Aoyama N, Takiyama W, Ishida K, Isono K, Makuuchi H, Imamura M, Shinoda M, Ikeuchi S, Kabuto T, Yamana H, Fukuda H (2001) Phase II evaluation of protracted infusion of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a Japan Esophageal Oncology Group (JEOG) Trial (JCOG9407). Jpn J Clin Oncol 31:419–423

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Caroli-Bosc FX, Van Laethem JL, Michel P, Gay F, Hendlisz A, Forget F, Bleiberg H (2001) A weekly 24-h infusion of high-dose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) + leucovorin and bi-weekly cisplatin (CDDP) was active and well tolerated in patients with non-colon digestive carcinomas. Eur J Cancer 37:1828–1832

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Lorenzen S, Schuster T, Porschen R, Al-Batran SE, Hofheinz R, Thuss-Patience P, Moehler M, Grabowski P, Arnold D, Greten T, Müller L, Röthling N, Peschel C, Langer R, Lordick F (2009) Cetuximab plus cisplatin-5-fluorouracil versus cisplatin-5-fluorouracil alone in first-line metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a randomized phase II study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie. Ann Oncol 20:1667–1673

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Conroy T, Etienne PL, Adenis A, Ducreux M, Paillot B, Oliveira J, Seitz JF, Francois E, Van Cutsem E, Wagener DJ, Kohser F, Daamen S, Praet M, Gorlia T, Baron B, Wils J, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Cooperative Group (2002) Vinorelbine and cisplatin in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus: response, toxicity, quality of life and survival. Ann Oncol 13:721–729

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kroep JR, Pinedo HM, Giaccone G, Van Bochove A, Peters GJ, Van Groeningen CJ (2004) Phase II study of cisplatin preceding gemcitabine in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer. Ann Oncol 15:230–235

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Lee J, Im YH, Cho EY, Hong YS, Lee HR, Kim HS, Kim MJ, Kim K, Kang WK, Park K, Shim YM (2008) A phase II study of capecitabine and cisplatin (XP) as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharamcol 62:77–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Lovett D, Kelsen D, Eisenberger M, Houston C (1991) A phase II trial of carboplatin and vinblastine in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer 67:354–356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wang J, Chang J, Yu H, Wu X, Wang H, Li W, Ji D, Peng W (2013) A phase II study of oxaliplatin in combination with leucovorin and fluorouracil as first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 71:905–911

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Qin TJ, An GL, Zhao XH, Tian F, Li XH, Lian JW, Pan BR, Gu SZ (2009) Combined treatment of oxaliplatin and capecitabine in patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell cancer. World J Gastroenterol 15:871–876

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Kato K, Muro K, Ando N, Nishimaki T, Ohtsu A, Aogi K, Aoyama N, Nagai K, Kato H, The Japan Esophageal Oncology Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) (2014) A phase II study of nedaplatin and 5-fluorouracil in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) Trial (JCOG 9905-DI). Esophagus 11:183–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. El-Rayes BF, Shields A, Zalupski M, Heilbrun LK, Jain V, Terry D, Ferris A, Philip PA (2004) A phase II study of carboplatin and paclitaxel in esophageal cancer. Ann Oncol 15:960–965

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. van der Gaast A, Kok TC, Kerkhofs L, Siersema PD, Tilanus HW, Splinter TA (1999) Phase I study of a biweekly schedule of a fixed dose of cisplatin with increasing doses of paclitaxel in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 80:1052–1057

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Petrasch S, Welt A, Reinacher A, Graeven U, König M, Schmiegel W (1998) Chemotherapy with cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 78:511–514

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhang X, Shen L, Li J, Li Y, Li J, Jin M (2008) A phase II trial of paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Am J Clin Oncol 31:29–33

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Shi Y, Qin R, Wang ZK, Dai GH (2013) Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel combined with cisplatin as the first-line treatment for metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 6:585–591

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Gong Y, Ren L, Zhou L, Zhu J, Huang M, Zhou X, Wang J, Lu Y, Hou M, Wei Y (2009) Phase II evaluation of nedaplatin and paclitaxel in patients with metastatic esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 64:327–333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Cao W, Xu C, Lou G, Jiang J, Zhao S, Geng M, Xi W, Li H, Jin Y (2009) A phase II study of paclitaxel and nedaplatin as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 39:582–587

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. He YF, Ji CS, Hu B, Fan PS, Hu CL, Jiang FS, Chen J, Zhu L, Yao YW, Wang W (2013) A phase II study of paclitaxel and nedaplatin as front-line chemotherapy in Chinese patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 19:5910–5916

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Yun T, Han JY, Lee JS, Choi HL, Kim HY, Nam BH, Kim HT (2011) Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel and capecitabine in patients with metastatic or recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 11:385

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Shim HJ, Cho SH, Hwang JE, Bae WK, Song SY, Cho SB, Lee WS, Joo YE, Na KJ, Chung IJ (2010) Phase II study of docetaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy in 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin pretreated esophageal cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 33:624–628

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Yoshioka T, Sakayori M, Kato S, Chiba N, Miyazaki S, Nemoto K, Shibata H, Shimodaira H, Ohtsuka K, Kakudo Y, Sakata Y, Ishioka C (2006) Dose escalation study of docetaxel and nedaplatin in patients with relapsed or refractory squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus pretreated using cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and radiation. Int J Clin Oncol 11:454–460

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Jin J, Xu X, Wang F, Yan G, Liu J, Lu W, Li X, Tucker SJ, Zhong B, Cao Z, Wang D (2009) Second-line combination chemotherapy with docetaxel and nedaplatin for Cisplatin-pretreated refractory metastatic/recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 4:1017–1021

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Akutsu Y, Shuto K, Kono T, Uesato M, Hoshino I, Shiratori T, Miyazawa Y, Isozaki Y, Akanuma N, Matsubara H (2012) A phase 1/11 study of second-line chemotherapy with fractionated docetaxel and nedaplatin for 5-FU/cisplatin-resistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 59:2095–2098

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kajiura S, Hosokawa A, Yoshita H, Ueda Y, Ueda A, Mihara H, Ando T, Fujinami H, Nishikawa J, Ogawa K, Minemura M, Sugiyama T (2013) Phase I study of docetaxel plus nedaplatin in patients with metastatic or recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil treatment. Am J Clin Oncol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Ilson DH, Ajani J, Bhalla K, Forastiere A, Huang Y, Patel P, Martin L, Donegan J, Pazdur R, Reed C, Kelsen DP (1998) Phase II trial of paclitaxel, fluorouracil, and cisplatin in patients with advanced carcinoma of the esophagus. J Clin Oncol 16:1826–1834

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Takahashi H, Arimura Y, Yamashita K, Okahara S, Tanuma T, Kodaira J, Hokari K, Tsukagoshi H, Shinomura Y, Hosokawa M (2010) Phase I/II study of docetaxel/cisplatin/fluorouracil combination chemotherapy against metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 5:122–128

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Tanaka Y, Yoshida K, Sanada Y, Osada S, Yamaguchi K, Takahashi T (2010) Biweekly docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) chemotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase I dose-escalation study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 66:1159–1165

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Osaka Y, Shinohara M, Hoshino S, Ogata T, Takagi Y, Tsuchida A, Aoki T (2011) Phase II study of combined chemotherapy with docetaxel, CDDP and 5-FU for highly advanced esophageal cancer. Anticancer Res 31:633–638

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Yamasaki M, Miyata H, Tanaka K, Shiraishi O, Motoori M, Peng YF, Yasuda T, Yano M, Shiozaki H, Mori M, Doki Y (2011) Multicenter phase I/II study of docetaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Oncology 80:307–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Tamura S, Imano M, Takiuchi H, Kobayashi K, Imamoto H, Miki H, Goto Y, Aoki T, Peng YF, Tsujinaka T, Furukawa H, Osaka Gastrointestinal Cancer Chemotherapy Study Group (2012) Phase II study of docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) for metastatic esophageal cancer (OGSG 0403). Anticancer Res 32:1403–1408

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Guo JF, Zhang B, Wu F, Wang B, Xing H, Zhu GY, Nie XY, Peng J (2010) A phase II trial of docetaxel plus nedaplatin and 5-fluorouracil in treating advanced esophageal carcinoma. Chin J Cancer 29:321–324

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Honda M, Miura A, Izumi Y, Kato T, Ryotokuji T, Monma K, Fujiwara J, Egashira H, Nemoto T (2010) Doxorubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil combination therapy for metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 23:641–645

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Mauer AM, Kraut EH, Krauss SA, Ansari RH, Kasza K, Szeto L, Vokes EE (2005) Phase II trial of oxaliplatin, leucovorin and fluorouracil in patients with advanced carcinoma of the esophagus. Ann Oncol 16:1320–1325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Kanai M, Matsumoto S, Nishimura T, Shimada Y, Watanabe G, Kitano T, Misawa A, Ishiguro H, Yoshikawa K, Yanagihara K, Teramukai S, Mitsumori M, Chiba T, Sakai Y, Fukushima M (2007) Retrospective analysis of 27 consecutive patients treated with docetaxel/nedaplatin combination therapy as a second-line regimen for advanced esophageal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 12:224–227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Herskovic A, Martz K, al-Sarraf M, Leichman L, Brindle J, Vaitkevicius V, Cooper J, Byhardt R, Davis L, Emami B (1992) Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in patients with cancer of the esophagus. N Engl J Med 326:1593–1598

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Cooper JS, Guo MD, Herskovic A, Macdonald JS, Martenson JA Jr, Al-Sarraf M, Byhardt R, Russell AH, Beitler JJ, Spencer S, Asbell SO, Graham MV, Leichman LL, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (1999) Chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced esophageal cancer: long-term follow-up of a prospective randomized trial (RTOG 85–01). JAMA 281:1623–1627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Minsky BD, Pajak TF, Ginsberg RJ, Pisansky TM, Martenson J, Komaki R, Okawara G, Rosenthal SA, Kelsen DP (2002) INT 0123 (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 94–05) phase III trial of combined-modality therapy for esophageal cancer: high-dose versus standard-dose radiation therapy. J Clin Oncol 20:1167–1174

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Kato H, Sato A, Fukuda H, Kagami Y, Udagawa H, Togo A, Ando N, Tanaka O, Shinoda M, Yamana H, Ishikura S (2009) A phase II trial of chemoradiotherapy for stage I esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG9708). Jpn J Clin Oncol 39:638–643

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Kato K, Muro K, Minashi K, Ohtsu A, Ishikura S, Boku N, Taiuchi H, Komatsu Y, Miyata Y, Fukuda H, Gastrointestinal Oncology Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) (2011) Phase II study of chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin for Stage II-III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: JCOG trial (JCOG 9906). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 81:684–690

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Kato K, Nakajima TE, Ito Y, Katada C, Ishiyama H, Tokunaga SY, Tanaka M, Hironaka S, Hashimoto T, Ura T, Kodaira T, Yoshimura K (2013) Phase II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy at the dose of 50.4 Gy with elective nodal irradiation for Stage II-III esophageal carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 43(6):608–615

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Conroy T, Galais MP, Raoul JL, Bouché O, Gourgou-Bourgade S, Douillard JY, Etienne PL, Boige V, Martel-Lafay I, Michel P, Llacer-Moscardo C, François E, Créhange G, Abdelghani MB, Juzyna B, Bedenne L, Adenis A, Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive and UNICANCER-GI Group (2014) Definitive chemoradiotherapy with FOLFOX versus fluorouracil and cisplatin in patients with oesophageal cancer (PRODIGE5/ACCORD17): final results of a randomised, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet Oncol 15:305–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Ishida K, Ando N, Yamamoto S, Ide H, Shinoda M (2004) Phase II study of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil with concurrent radiotherapy in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a Japan Esophageal Oncology Group (JEOG)/Japan Clinical Oncology Group Trial (JCOG9516). Jpn J Clin Oncol 34:615–619

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Higuchi K, Koizumi W, Tanabe S, Sasaki T, Katada C, Ishiyama H, Hayakawa K (2008) A phase I trial of definitive chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF-R) for advanced esophageal carcinoma: Kitasato digestive disease & oncology group trial (KDOG 0501). Radiother Oncol 87:398–404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Hironaka S, Ohtsu A, Boku N, Muto M, Nagashima F, Saito H, Yoshida S, Nishimura M, Haruno M, Ishikura S, Ogino T, Yamamoto S, Ochiai A (2003) Nonrandomized comparison between definitive chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery in patients with T(2–3)N(any) M(0) squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57:425–433

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Tachimori Y, Kanamori N, Uemura N, Hokamura N, Igaki H, Kato H (2009) Salvage esophagectomy after high-dose chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 137:49–54

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Swisher SG, Wynn P, Putnam JB, Mosheim MB, Correa AM, Komaki RR, Ajani JA, Smythe WR, Vaporciyan AA, Roth JA, Walsh GL (2002) Salvage esophagectomy for recurrent tumors after definitive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 123:175–183

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Meunier B, Raoul J, Le Prisé E, Lakéhal M, Launois B (1998) Salvage esophagectomy after unsuccessful curative chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell cancer of the esophagus. Dig Surg 15:224–226

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. van Hagen P, Hulshof MC, van Lanschot JJ, Steyerberg EW, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Wijnhoven BP, Richel DJ, Nieuwenhuijzen GA, Hospers GA, Bonenkamp JJ, Cuesta MM, Blaisse RJ, Busch OR, ten Kate FJ, Creemers GJ, Punt CJ, Plukker JT, Verheul HM, Spillenaar Bilgen EJ, van Dekken H, van der Sangen MJ, Rozema T, Biermann K, Beukema JC, Piet AH, van Rij CM, Reinders JG, Tilanus HW, van der Gaast A, CROSS Group (2012) Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer. N Engl J Med 366:2074–2084

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Safran H, Suntharalingam M, Dipetrillo T, Ng T, Doyle LA, Krasna M, Plette A, Evans D, Wanebo H, Akerman P, Spector J, Kennedy N, Kennedy T (2008) Cetuximab with concurrent chemoradiation for esophagogastric cancer: assessment of toxicity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70:391–395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Ohtsu A, Boku N, Muro K, Chin K, Muto M, Yoshida S, Satake M, Ishikura S, Ogino T, Miyata Y, Seki S, Kaneko K, Nakamura A (1999) Definitive chemoradiotherapy for T4 and/or M1 lymph node squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. J Clin Oncol 17:2915–2921

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Janmaat ML, Gallegos-Ruiz ML, Rodriguez JA, Meijer GA, Vervenne WL, Richel DJ, Van Groeningen C, Giaccone G (2006) Predictive factors for outcome in a phase II study of gefitinib in second-line treatment of advanced esophageal cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 24:1612–1619

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Ilson DH, Kelsen D, Shah M, Schwartz G, Levine DA, Boyd J, Capanu M, Miron B, Klimstra D (2011) A phase 2 trial of erlotinib in patients with previously treated squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer 117:1409–1414

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Dutton SJ, Ferry DR, Blazeby JM, Abbas H, Dahle-Smith A, Mansoor W, Thompson J, Harrison M, Chatterjee A, Falk S, Garcia-Alonso A, Fyfe DW, Hubner RA, Gamble T, Peachey L, Davoudianfar M, Pearson SR, Julier P, Jankowski J, Kerr R, Petty RD (2014 Jun) Gefitinib for oesophageal cancer progressing after chemotherapy (COG): a phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 17

    Google Scholar 

  86. Crosby T, Hurt CN, Falk S, Gollins S, Mukherjee S, Staffurth J, Ray R, Bashir N, Bridgewater JA, Geh JI, Cunningham D, Blazeby J, Roy R, Maughan T, Griffiths G (2013) Chemoradiotherapy with or without cetuximab in patients with oesophageal cancer (SCOPE1): a multicentre, phase 2/3 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 14:627–637

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Ilson DH, Moughan J, Suntharalingam M, Dicker A, Kachnic LA, Konski AA, Chakravarthy B, Anker C, Thakrar HV, Horiba N, Kavadi V, Deutsch M, Raben A, Roof KS, Suh JH, Pollock J, Safran H, Crane CH (2014) RTOG0436: a PhaseIII trial evaluating the addition of cetuximab to paclitaxel, cisplatin and radiation for patients with esophageal cancer treated without surgery. J Clin Oncol 32:5 (suppl; abstr 4007)

    Google Scholar 

  88. Kato H, Arao T, Matsumoto K, Fujita Y, Kimura H, Hayashi H, Nishiki K, Iwama M, Shiraishi O, Yasuda A, Shinkai M, Imano M, Imamoto H, Yasuda T, Okuno K, Shiozaki H, Nishio K (2013) Gene amplification of EGFR, HER2, FGFR2 and MET in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 42:1151–1158

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. Sunpaweravong P, Sunpawervong S, Puttawibul P, Mitarnum W, Zeng C, Barón AE, Franklin W, Said S, Varella-Garcia M (2005) Epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclin D1 are independently amplified and overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 131:111–119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Yang YL, Xu KL, Zhou Y, Gao X, Chen LR (2012) Correlation of epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression with increased epidermal growth factor receptor gene copy number in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Chin Med J (Engl) 125:450–454

    Google Scholar 

  91. Hanawa M, Suzuki S, Dobashi Y, Yamane T, Kono K, Enomoto N, Ooi A (2006) EGFR protein overexpression and gene amplification in squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus. Int J Cancer 118:1173–1180

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Ku GY, Ilson DH (2010) Esophagogastric cancer: targeted agents. Cancer Treat Rev 36:235–248

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Boone J, van Hillegersberg R, Offerhaus GJ, van Diest PJ, Borel Rinkes IH, Ten Kate FJ (2009) Targets for molecular therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical analysis. Dis Esophagus 22:496–504

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Sato-Kuwabara Y, Neves JI, Fregnani JH, Sallum RA, Soares FA (2009) Evaluation of gene amplification and protein expression of HER-2/neu in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry. BMC Cancer 9:6

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Mimura K, Kono K, Hanawa M, Mitsui F, Sugai H, Miyagawa N, Ooi A, Fujii H (2005) Frequencies of HER-2/neu expression and gene amplification in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 92:1253–1260

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  96. Dreilich M, Wanders A, Brattström D, Bergström S, Hesselius P, Wagenius G, Bergqvist M (2006) HER-2 overexpression (3+) in patients with squamous cell esophageal carcinoma correlates with poorer survival. Dis Esophagus 19:224–231

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Schoppmann SF, Jesch B, Friedrich J, Wrba F, Schultheis A, Pluschnig U, Maresch J, Zacherl J, Hejna M, Birner P (2010) Expression of Her-2 in carcinomas of the esophagus. Am J Surg Pathol 34:1868–1873

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Kleespies A, Bruns CJ, Jauch KW (2005) Clinical significance of VEGF-A, -C and -D expression in esophageal malignancies. Onkologie 28:281–288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Möbius C, Freire J, Becker I, Feith M, Brücher BL, Hennig M, Siewert JR, Stein HJ (2007) VEGF-C expression in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. World J Surg 31:1768–1772

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Uchida S, Shimada Y, Watanabe G, Tanaka H, Shibagaki I, Miyahara T, Ishigami S, Imamura M (1998) In oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with p53 mutation, advanced stage and poor prognosis. Br J Cancer 77:1704–1709

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  101. Boone J, Ten Kate FJ, Offerhaus GJ, van Diest PJ, Rinkes IH, van Hillegersberg R (2008) mTOR in squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus: a potential target for molecular therapy? J Clin Pathol 61:909–913

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Hirashima K, Baba Y, Watanabe M, Karashima RI, Sato N, Imamura Y, Nagai Y, Hayashi N, Iyama KI, Baba H (2012) Aberrant activation of the mTOR pathway and anti-tumour effect of everolimus on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 106:876–882

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  103. Hirashima K, Baba Y, Watanabe M, Karashima R, Sato N, Imamura Y, Hiyoshi Y, Nagai Y, Hayashi N, Iyama K, Baba H (2010) Phosphorylated mTOR expression is associated with poor prognosis for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 17:2486–2493

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Maeng CH, Lee J, van Hummelen P, Park SH, Palescandolo E, Jang J, Park HY, Kang SY, MacConaill L, Kim KM, Shim YM (2012) High-throughput genotyping in metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma identifies phosphoinositide-3-kinase and BRAF mutations. PLoS One 7:e41655

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Shigaki H, Baba Y, Watanabe M, Murata A, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Iwagami S, Nosho K, Baba H (2013) PIK3CA mutation is associated with a favorable prognosis among patients with curatively resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 19:2451–2459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Hou J, Jiang D, Zhang J, Gavine PR, Xu S, Liu Y, Xu C, Huang J, Tan Y, Wang H, Lu Y, Zheng L, Hou Y, Tan L (2014) Frequency, characterization, and prognostic analysis of PIK3CA gene mutations in Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 45:352–358

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Wang MT, Chen G, An SJ, Chen ZH, Huang ZM, Xiao P, Ben XS, Xie Z, Chen SL, Luo DL, Tang JM, Lin JY, Zhang XC, Wu YL (2012) Prognostic significance of cyclinD1 amplification and the co-alteration of cyclinD1/pRb/ppRb in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Dis Esophagus 25:664–670

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Zhao J, Li L, Wei S, Gao Y, Chen Y, Wang G, Wu Z (2012) Clinicopathological and prognostic role of cyclin D1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus 25:520–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, Gettinger SN, Smith DC, McDermott DF, Powderly JD, Carvajal RD, Sosman JA, Atkins MB, Leming PD, Spigel DR, Antonia SJ, Horn L, Drake CG, Pardoll DM, Chen L, Sharfman WH, Anders RA, Taube JM, McMiller TL, Xu H, Korman AJ, Jure-Kunkel M, Agrawal S, McDonald D, Kollia GD, Gupta A, Wigginton JM, Sznol M (2012) Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N Engl J Med 366:2443–2454

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  110. Ohigashi Y, Sho M, Yamada Y, Tsurui Y, Hamada K, Ikeda N, Mizuno T, Yoriki R, Kashizuka H, Yane K, Tsushima F, Otsuki N, Yagita H, Azuma M, Nakajima Y (2005) Clinical significance of programmed death-1 ligand-1 and programmed death-1 ligand-2 expression in human esophageal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 11:2947–2953

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan

    Ken Kato

Authors
  1. Ken Kato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ken Kato .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Nobutoshi Ando

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Japan

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kato, K. (2015). Chemotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy. In: Ando, N. (eds) Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54977-2_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54977-2_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-54976-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-54977-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation