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Vermittlernetzwerke

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EEG-Neurofeedback bei ADS und ADHS

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Zusammenfassung

Das Salienz- und das Exekutivkontrollnetzwerk (SN, ECN) sind zwei separate Netzwerke, die anatomisch und funktionell andersartige Aufgaben ausführen, die jedoch auch gemeinsame Schnittpunkte aufweisen. Bei Menschen mit einer ADHS kommt es zu Aktivitätsänderungen der Kernregionen des SN. Die Überaktivierung der Insula und der limbischen Strukturen geht mit negativen affektiven Bewertungen, impulsivem Verhalten und Suchtanfälligkeit einher. Grund für die Überaktivierung der Insula könnte eine Dysfunktion im rechtshemisphärischen dACC (dorsaler Teil des anterioren cingulären Kortex) oder eine Hyperkonnektivität zwischen den Kernregionen des SN sein. Auch Inter-Netzwerkstörungen (SN/ECN, SN/DAN bzw. SN/VAN) und eine Reorganisation der Netzwerke wurden beschrieben, mit verschiedenen Folgen auf der Verhaltensebene. Eine Regulationsstörung des dopaminergen ECN wurde in mehreren Studien bei Menschen mit einer ADHS nachgewiesen. Diese Störung steht vor allem in Zusammenhang mit der Reduktion der grauen Substanz des Nucleus caudatus, eine bedeutende Zwischenstation bei der Verarbeitung motorischer und somatosensorischer Prozesse. Studien zeigten, dass eine strukturell-anatomische und/oder funktionelle Beeinträchtigung dieser Region für die Dysregulation der Hemmung motorischer Reaktionen bei Kindern mit einer ADHS verantwortlich ist und Schwierigkeiten bei der Planung und Ausführung von motorischen Prozessen verursacht. Auch die zeitliche Verarbeitung von Intervallen im Millisekundenbereich ist davon betroffen.

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    Kyriakos Sidiropoulos

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Sidiropoulos, K. (2023). Vermittlernetzwerke. In: Sidiropoulos, K. (eds) EEG-Neurofeedback bei ADS und ADHS. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65726-3_8

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