Zusammenfassung
Infektionen gehören zu den häufigsten Komplikationen bei Tumorpatienten und werden in Fieber unbekannter Ursache („fever of unknown origin“, FUO) sowie klinisch bzw. mikrobiologisch dokumentierte Infektionen eingeteilt. Einer der wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten und einen komplizierten Verlauf von Infektionen ist die Neutropenie. Patienten mit Hochrisiko-Neutropenie (absolute Neutrophilenzahl <0,5 × 109/l für ≥8 Tage) und Fieber sollen empirisch ein Pseudomonas-aktives β-Lactam-Antibiotikum (z. B. Piperacillin/Tazobactam oder Ceftazidim) erhalten. Eine Kombination mit einem Glykopeptid (z. B. Vancomycin) oder einem Aminoglykosid (z. B. Tobramycin) sollte in der klinischen Routine nicht erfolgen. Aktuelle Leitlinien empfehlen bei klinischer Stabilität auch bei Patienten mit Hochrisiko-Neutropenie und persistierendem Fieber nach 72–96 Stunden die primäre empirische Antibiotikatherapie fortzusetzen. Weiterhin ist es bei klinisch stabilen Patienten mit febriler Neutropenie und anhaltendem Fieber gerechtfertigt, ein Schimmelpilz-wirksames Antimykotikum (z. B. liposomales Amphotericin B) erst einzusetzen, wenn sich klinisch, serologisch (z. B. Nachweis von Galactomannan oder 1➔3-β-D-Glucan im Serum) oder bildgebend Hinweise für das Vorliegen einer invasiven Pilzinfektion zeigen (präemptiver Therapieansatz). Als wichtiger Hinweis für das Vorliegen einer pulmonalen Aspergillose gilt hierbei das Halo-Zeichen in der Thorax-Computertomografie. Bei Patienten mit drohender oder manifester klinischer Instabilität sollte ein frühzeitiger Einsatz eines Schimmelpilz-wirksamen Antimykotikums immer in Erwägung gezogen werden, d. h. auch wenn sich keine Hinweise für das Vorliegen einer invasiven Pilzinfektion ergeben (empirischer Therapieansatz). Neben FUO treten klinisch oder mikrobiologisch dokumentierte Infektionen unabhängig vom Vorliegen einer Neutropenie bei Tumorpatienten häufig auf. Blutstrominfektionen, Infektionen des Respirationstrakts und die Clostridioides-difficile-assoziierte Diarrhö gehören hierbei zu den häufigsten Formen.
Wenn zur besseren Lesbarkeit eine geschlechtsspezifische Form verwendet wird, ist hiermit ausdrücklich jegliche Geschlechtszuschreibung gemeint (männlich, weiblich, divers).
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Schmidt-Hieber, M., Teschner, D., Desole, M., Link, H., Maschmeyer, G., Schalk, E. (2023). Therapie von Infektionen bei Tumorpatienten. In: Schmoll, HJ. (eds) Kompendium Internistische Onkologie . Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46764-0_155-2
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Therapie von Infektionen bei Tumorpatienten- Published:
- 01 December 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46764-0_155-2
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Therapie von Infektionen bei Tumorpatienten- Published:
- 09 November 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46764-0_155-1