Definition
Marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) refer to the rapid proliferation and/or high biomass accumulation of toxic or otherwise noxious algae at the surface sea, water column, and benthic systems that cause harm on marine organisms and ecosystems due to toxin production and/or hypoxia induction, as well as to the way in which the algal cell structure physically affects the co-occurring organisms (Glibert et al. 2018a). However, even low cell abundances of highly toxic species may cause damages on marine life, ecosystems, and human health (Chinain et al. 1999). Marine HABs are diverse in terms of causative organisms, which are usually cyanobacteria and planktonic or benthic microalgae, although the term may also be applied to harmful blooms of macroalgae (Glibert et al. 2018a).
Many coastal marine ecosystems throughout the world have been affected by HABs over the last decades (Hallegraeff 2010),...
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Neves, R.A.F., Rodrigues, E.T. (2022). Harmful Algal Blooms: Effect on Coastal Marine Ecosystems. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A.M., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., Wall, T. (eds) Life Below Water. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98536-7_24
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