Definitions
Citizenship is a legal concept closely linked to nationality. Nationality is a political bond between a state and the persons considered by law as its nationals, based on criteria such as the ius soli (place of birth) and/or the ius sanguinis (parentage), viewed as representing a genuine link of belonging to the national political community. Nationality can also be later on acquired by other factors such as residency; however, in this case, states usually enjoy a margin of appreciation in what regards additional criteria applicable (language knowledge; criminal convictions, special ties to the community). Citizenship is traditionally seen as the contents (the status or set of rights and duties of political, social, and economic nature) that are recognized to the respective nationals, furthering a notion of membership and a sense of identity. Therefore, it is seen as an exclusionary tool that is based on a schism between nationals and others, within of a certain state.
Plural...
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Lopes, D. (2021). Plurals of Citizenship: Instruments for Inclusion. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A.M., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., Özuyar, P.G., Wall, T. (eds) Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71066-2_116-1
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