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Handbook of Mental Health in African American Youth

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Child and Family Studies ((SSCFS))

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Abstract

The practice of pharmacotherapy involves biological, psychological, and social factors. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that 6–7.5 % of children between 6 and 19 years of age are prescribed medication for behavioral or emotional difficulties. About 3.1 % of non-Hispanic black adolescents take medications, compared to 8.2 % of non-Hispanic white adolescents. A review of the literature regarding psychopharmacology in African–American youth supports the need for continued research in this growing population of patients. The lack of significant historical psychopharmacologic research exploring potential differences between blacks, whites, and other racial groups in the USA makes this a difficult area of clinical study. The most noteworthy effects of pharmacogenomics are seen in those individuals identified as poor metabolizers of a medication. There is, however, a paucity of information in the medical literature describing the effects of race and ethnicity on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of psychotropic medications and treatment adherence. This is particularly true in the African American pediatric population. In this chapter, we will review the current literature on the variability of the psychopharmacology of psychotropic drugs on African American children as well as discuss psychosocial variables in the pharmacological management of these youth. Comparisons to data in the adult literature are explored regarding efficacy of psychotropic medications and adherence to treatment. The practice of pharmacotherapy includes the therapeutic relationship and an understanding of factors that deter or enhance therapeutic adherence. Inconclusive results from studies of pharmacologic efficacy among African American adults compared to majority populations emphasize the need to include ethnic minority adults and children in clinical trials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Treatment Center for Children, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 980489, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA

    Cheryl S. Al-Mateen, Sandra J. Mullen & Jessica K. Malloy

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  1. Cheryl S. Al-Mateen
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  2. Sandra J. Mullen
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  3. Jessica K. Malloy
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Correspondence to Cheryl S. Al-Mateen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Georgetown University Medical Cente, Department of Psychiatry, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    Alfiee M. Breland-Noble

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School, RICHMOND, Virginia, USA

    Cheryl S. Al-Mateen

  3. Medical College of Georgia, Augusta Univ, Dept of Psychiatry & Health Behavior, Augusta, GA, Georgia, USA

    Nirbhay N. Singh

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Al-Mateen, C.S., Mullen, S.J., Malloy, J.K. (2016). Pharmacotherapy. In: Breland-Noble, A., Al-Mateen, C., Singh, N. (eds) Handbook of Mental Health in African American Youth. Springer Series on Child and Family Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25501-9_3

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