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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Metabolic Syndrome

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Abstract

Obesity is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In recent years, NAFLD has emerged as the most common liver disease, affecting 25% of the global population. NAFLD is characterized by the accumulation of excessive lipids within hepatocytes, insulin resistance, abdominal fat distribution, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure. NAFLD is highly prevalent in the United States, and represents abnormalities ranging from hepatic steatosis to more severe forms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which can induce cirrhosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD involves a reprogrammed hepatic metabolic machinery that leads to excessive lipid accumulation and imbalances in lipid metabolism and lipid catabolism in the liver. Hepatic lipid homeostasis is well elucidated as a complex processes, including cellular signaling and transcriptional pathways and genes associated with fatty acid (FA) uptake and oxidation and lipogenesis. This chapter discusses the definition, risk factors, and diagnosis of NAFLD. We also describe animal models used to study the disease, i.e., dietary and genetic models. Lastly, we discuss the current therapies for NAFLD.

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Acknowledgments

JHC is supported by NRF-2021R1I1A2041463 and KGM5392212, and SFK is supported by the American Heart Association 20SFRN35210662

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Sangwon F. Kim

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

    Jang Hyun Choi

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  1. Sangwon F. Kim
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  2. Jang Hyun Choi
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Correspondence to Sangwon F. Kim or Jang Hyun Choi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA

    Rexford S. Ahima

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Kim, S.F., Choi, J.H. (2023). Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. In: Ahima, R.S. (eds) Metabolic Syndrome. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12125-3_36-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12125-3_36-2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-12125-3

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  1. Latest

    Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
    Published:
    19 September 2023

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12125-3_36-2

  2. Original

    Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
    Published:
    15 July 2015

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12125-3_36-1

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