Skip to main content

Mixed Pooling for Convolutional Neural Networks

  • Conference paper
Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology (RSKT 2014)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 8818))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a biologically inspired trainable architecture that can learn invariant features for a number of applications. In general, CNNs consist of alternating convolutional layers, non-linearity layers and feature pooling layers. In this work, a novel feature pooling method, named as mixed pooling, is proposed to regularize CNNs, which replaces the deterministic pooling operations with a stochastic procedure by randomly using the conventional max pooling and average pooling methods. The advantage of the proposed mixed pooling method lies in its wonderful ability to address the over-fitting problem encountered by CNN generation. Experimental results on three benchmark image classification datasets demonstrate that the proposed mixed pooling method is superior to max pooling, average pooling and some other state-of-the-art works known in the literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Fukushima, K.: Neocognitron: A self-organizing neural network model for a mechanism of pattern recognition unaffected by shift in position. Biological Cybernetics 36(4), 193–202 (1980)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. LeCun, Y., Boser, B., Denker, J.S., Henderson, D., Howard, R.E., Hubbard, W., Jackel, L.D.: Backpropagation applied to handwritten zip code recognition. Neural computation 1(4), 541–551 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lawrence, S., Giles, C.L., Tsoi, A.C., Back, A.D.: Face recognition: A convolutional neural-network approach. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 8(1), 98–113 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Fan, J., Xu, W., Wu, Y., Gong, Y.: Human tracking using convolutional neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 21(10), 1610–1623 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Cireşan, D., Meier, U., Schmidhuber, J.: Multi-column deep neural networks for image classification. In: CVPR, pp. 3642–3649 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ji, S., Xu, W., Yang, M., Yu, K.: 3D convolutional neural networks for human action recognition. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 35(1), 221–231 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: NIPS, vol. 1 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.-J., Li, K., Fei-Fei, L.: ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database. In: CVPR, pp. 248–255 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Montavon, G., Orr, G.B., Müller, K.R. (eds.): Neural networks: tricks of the trade, 2nd edn. Spinger, San Francisco (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Zeiler, M.D.: Hierarchical convolutional deep learning in computer vision. PhD thesis, ch. 6, New York University (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hinton, G.E., Srivastava, N., Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Salakhutdinov, R.R.: Improving neural networks by preventing co-adaptation of feature detectors. arXiv preprint arXiv:1207.0580 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wan, L., Zeiler, M.D., Zhang, S., LeCun, Y., Fergus, R.: Regularization of neural networks using DropConnect. In: ICML, pp. 1058–1066 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  13. LeCun, Y., Kavukcuoglu, K., Farabet, C.: Convolutional networks and applications in vision. In: ISCAS, pp. 253–256 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Nair, V., Hinton, G.E.: Rectified linear units improve restricted boltzmann machines. In: ICML, pp. 807–814 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jarrett, K., Kavukcuoglu, K., Ranzato, M., LeCun, Y.: What is the best multi-stage architecture for object recognition? In: ICCV, pp. 2146–2153 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Krizhevsky, A.: Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images. Technical Report TR-2009, University of Toronto (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Netzer, Y., Wang, T., Coates, A., Bissacco, A., Wu, B., Ng, A.Y.: Reading digits in natural images with unsupervised feature learning. In: NIPS Workshop on Deep Learning and Unsupervised Feature Learning, vol. 2011 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Simard, P.Y., Steinkraus, D., Platt, J.C.: Best practices for convolutional neural networks applied to visual document analysis. In: ICDAR, pp. 958–962 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Krizhevsky, A.: cuda-convnet., http://code.google.com/p/cuda-convnet/

  20. Zeiler, M.D., Fergus, R.: Stochastic pooling for regularization of deep convolutional neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3557 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Malinowski, M., Fritz, M.: Learnable pooling regions for image classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3516 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Sermanet, P., Chintala, S., LeCun, Y.: Convolutional neural networks applied to house numbers digit classification. In: ICPR, pp. 3288–3291 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Yu, D., Wang, H., Chen, P., Wei, Z. (2014). Mixed Pooling for Convolutional Neural Networks. In: Miao, D., Pedrycz, W., Ślȩzak, D., Peters, G., Hu, Q., Wang, R. (eds) Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology. RSKT 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8818. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11740-9_34

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11740-9_34

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-11739-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-11740-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics