Abstract
Mitochondria are major cellular organelles that play an essential role in metabolism, stress response, immunity, and cell fate. Mitochondria are organized in a network with other cellular compartments, functioning as a signaling hub to maintain cells’ health. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and genome alterations are associated with diseases including cancer. Mitochondria are a preferential target for pathogens, which have developed various mechanisms to hijack cellular functions for their benefit. Helicobacter pylori is recognized as the major risk factor for gastric cancer development. H. pylori induces oxidative stress and chronic gastric inflammation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Its pro-apoptotic cytotoxin VacA interacts with the mitochondrial inner membrane, leading to increased permeability and decreased ATP production. Furthermore, H. pylori induces mitochondrial DNA damage and mutation, concomitant with the development of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia as observed in infected mice. In this chapter, we present diverse aspects of the role of mitochondria as energy supplier and signaling hubs and their adaptation to stress conditions. The metabolic activity of mitochondria is directly linked to biosynthetic pathways. While H. pylori virulence factors and derived metabolites are essential for gastric colonization and niche adaptation, they may also impact mitochondrial function and metabolism, and may have consequences in gastric pathogenesis. Importantly, during its long way to reach the gastric epithelium, H. pylori faces various cellular types along the gastric mucosa. We discuss how the mitochondrial response of these different cells is affected by H. pylori and impacts the colonization and bacterium niche adaptation and point to areas that remain to be investigated.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arts RJW, Novakovic B, Ter Horst R, Carvalho A, Bekkering S, Lachmandas E, Rodrigues F, Silvestre R, Cheng SC, Wang SY, Habibi E, Gonçalves LG, Mesquita I, Cunha C, van Laarhoven A, van de Veerdonk FL, Williams DL, van der Meer JWM, Logie C. O’Neill LA, Dinarello CA, Riksen NP, van Crevel R, Clish C, Notebaart RA, Joosten LAB, Stunnenberg HG, Xavier RJ, Netea MG (2016) Glutaminolysis and fumarate accumulation integrate immunometabolic and epigenetic programs in trained immunity. Cell Metab 24:807–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.10.008
Barker N (2014) Adult intestinal stem cells: critical drivers of epithelial homeostasis and regeneration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 15:19–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3721
Backert S, Haas R, Gerhard M, Naumann M (2017) The Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system encoded by the cag pathogenicity island: architecture, function, and signaling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 413:187–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75241-9_8
Backert S, Tegtmeyer N (2010) The Versatility of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin VacA in signal transduction and molecular crosstalk. Toxins (basel) 2(1):69–92. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins2010069
Behal RH, Buxton DB, Robertson JG, Olson MS (1993) Regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Annu Rev Nutr 13:497–520. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.13.070193.002433
Benítez J, Marra R, Reyes J, Calvete O (2020) A genetic origin for acid-base imbalance triggers the mitochondrial damage that explains the autoimmune response and drives to gastric neuroendocrine tumours. Gastric Cancer 23:52–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-019-00982-4
Blanke SR (2005) Micro-managing the executioner: pathogen targeting of mitochondria. Trends Microbiol 13:64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2004.12.007
Blaser N, Backert S, Pachathundikandi SK (2019) Immune cell signaling by Helicobacter pylori: impact on gastric pathology. Adv Exp Med Biol 1149:77–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2019_360
Bock FJ, Tait SWG (2020) Mitochondria as multifaceted regulators of cell death. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 21:85–100. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-019-0173-8
Boguszewska K, Szewczuk M, Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Karwowski BT (2020) The similarities between human mitochondria and bacteria in the context of structure, genome, and base excision repair system. Molecules 25:2857. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122857
Bricker DK, Taylor EB, Schell JC, Orsak T, Boutron A, Chen YC, Cox JE, Cardon CM, Van Vranken JG, Dephoure N, Redin C, Boudina S, Gygi SP, Brivet M, Thummel CS, Rutter J (2012) A mitochondrial pyruvate carrier required for pyruvate uptake in yeast, drosophila, and humans. Science 337:96–100. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1218099
Brosnan JT, Brosnan ME (2006) Branched-chain amino acids: enzyme and substrate regulation. J Nutr 136:207S-S211. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.1.207S
Bugaytsova JA, Björnham O, Chernov YA, Gideonsson P, Henriksson S, Mendez M, Sjöström R, Mahdavi J, Shevtsova A, Ilver D, Moonens K, Quintana-Hayashi MP, Moskalenko R, Aisenbrey C, Bylund G, Schmidt A, Åberg A, Brännström K, Königer V, Vikström S, Rakhimova L, Hofer A, Ögren J, Liu H, Goldman MD, Whitmire JM, Ådén J, Younson J, Kelly CG, Gilman RH, Chowdhury A, Mukhopadhyay AK, Nair GB, Papadakos KS, Martinez-Gonzalez B, Sgouras DN, Engstrand L, Unemo M, Danielsson D, Suerbaum S, Oscarson S, Morozova-Roche LA, Olofsson A, Gröbner G, Holgersson J, Esberg A, Strömberg N, Landström M, Eldridge AM, Chromy BA, Hansen LM, Solnick JV, Lindén SK, Haas R, Dubois A, Merrell DS, Schedin S, Remaut H, Arnqvist A, Berg DE, Borén T (2017) Helicobacter pylori adapts to chronic infection and gastric disease via pH-responsive BabA-mediated adherence. Cell Host Microbe 21:376–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2017.02.013
Calore F, Genisset C, Casellato A, Rossato M, Codolo G, Esposti MD, Scorrano L, de Bernard M (2010) Endosome-mitochondria juxtaposition during apoptosis induced by H. pylori VacA. Cell Death Differ 17:1707–1716. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2010.42
Calvino-Fernández M, Benito-Martínez S, Parra-Cid T (2008) Oxidative stress by Helicobacter pylori causes apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway in gastric epithelial cells. Apoptosis 13:1267–1280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-008-0255-0
Chatre L, Fernandes J, Michel V, Fiette L, Avé P, Arena G, Jain U, Haas R, Wang TC, Ricchetti M, Touati E (2017) Helicobacter pylori targets mitochondrial import and components of mitochondrial DNA replication machinery through an alternative VacA-dependent and a VacA-independent mechanisms. Sci Rep 7:15901. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15567-3
Chaturvedi R, Asim M, Hoge S, Lewis ND, Singh K, Barry DP, de Sablet T, Piazuelo MB, Sarvaria AR, Cheng Y, Closs EI, Casero RA, Gobert AP, Wilson KT (2010) Polyamines impair immunity to Helicobacter pylori by inhibiting L-arginine uptake required for nitric oxide production. Gastroenterology 139:1686–1698. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.060
Chaturvedi R, Asim M, Lewis ND, Algood HMS, Cover TL, Kim PY, Wilson KT (2007) L-arginine availability regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent host defense against Helicobacter pylori. Infect Immun 75:4305–4315. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00578-07
Chouchani ET, Pell VR, Gaude E, Aksentijević D, Sundier SY, Robb EL, Logan A, Nadtochiy SM, Ord ENJ, Smith AC, Eyassu F, Shirley R, Hu CH, Dare AJ, James AM, Rogatti S, Hartley RC, Eaton S, Costa ASH, Brookes PS, Davidson SM, Duchen MR, Saeb-Parsy K, Shattock MJ, Robinson AJ, Work LM, Frezza C, Krieg T, Murphy MP (2014) Ischaemic accumulation of succinate controls reperfusion injury through mitochondrial ROS. Nature 515:431–435. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13909
Codolo G, Coletta S, D’Elios MM, de Bernard M (2022) HP-NAP of Helicobacter pylori: the power of the immunomodulation. Front Immunol 13:944139. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.944139
Correa P (1992) Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process–first American cancer society award lecture on cancer epidemiology and prevention. Cancer Res 52:6735–6740
Correa P (1988) A human model of gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 48:3554–3560
Covarrubias AJ, Aksoylar HI, Yu J, Snyder NW, Worth AJ, Iyer SS, Wang J, Ben-Sahra I, Byles V, Polynne-Stapornkul T, Espinosa EC, Lamming D, Manning BD, Zhang Y, Blair IA, Horng T (2016) Akt-mTORC1 signaling regulates Acly to integrate metabolic input to control of macrophage activation. Elife 5:e11612. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11612
Cover TL, Blanke SR (2005) Helicobacter pylori VacA, a paradigm for toxin multifunctionality. Nat Rev Microbiol 3:320–332. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1095
Cover TL, Blaser MJ (1992) Purification and characterization of the vacuolating toxin from Helicobacter pylori. J Biol Chem 267:10570–10575
Cuomo P, Papaianni M, Capparelli R, Medaglia C (2021) The role of formyl peptide receptors in permanent and low-grade inflammation: Helicobacter pylori infection as a model. Int J Mol Sci 22:3706. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073706
de Bernard M, Arico B, Papini E, Rizzuto R, Grandi G, Rappuoli R, Montecucco C (1997) Helicobacter pylori toxin VacA induces vacuole formation by acting in the cell cytosol. Mol Microbiol 26:665–674. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.5881952.x
Dörflinger B, Badr MT, Haimovici A, Fischer L, Vier J, Metz A, Eisele B, Bronsert P, Aumann K, Höppner J, Kontchou CW, Parui I, Weber A, Kirschnek S, Häcker G (2022) Mitochondria supply sub-lethal signals for cytokine secretion and DNA damage in H. pylori infection. Cell Death Diff 29:2218–2232. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-022-01009-9
Embley TM, Martin W (2006) Eukaryotic evolution, changes and challenges. Nature 440:623–630. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04546
Escoll P, Mondino S, Rolando M, Buchrieser C (2016) Targeting of host organelles by pathogenic bacteria: a sophisticated subversion strategy. Nat Rev Microbiol 14:5–19. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2015.1
Escoll P, Song OR, Viana F, Steiner B, Lagache T, Olivo-Marin JC, Impens F, Brodin P, Hilbi H, Buchrieser C (2017) Legionella pneumophila modulates mitochondrial dynamics to trigger metabolic repurposing of infected macrophages. Cell Host Microbe 22:302-316.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2017.07.020
Farrugia MA, Macomber L, Hausinger RP (2013) Biosynthesis of the urease metallocenter. J Biol Chem 288:13178–13185. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R112.446526
Fernandes J, Michel V, Carmolinga-Ponce M, Gomez A, Maldonada C, De Reuse H, Torres J, Touati E (2014) Circulating mitochondrial DNA level as a potential non-invasive biomarker to the early detection of gastric cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 23:2430–2438. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965
Fischer W, Tegtmeyer N, Stingl K, Backert S (2020) Four chromosomal type IV secretion systems in Helicobacter pylori: composition, structure and function. Front Microbiol 11:1592. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01592
Foegeding NJ, Caston RR, McClain MS, Ohi MD, Cover TL (2016) An overview of Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin biology. Toxins (basel) 8:173. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8060173
Foegeding NJ, Raghunathan K, Campbell AM, Kim SW, Lau KS, Kenworthy AK, Cover TL, Ohi MD (2019) Intracellular degradation of Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin as a determinant of gastric epithelial cell viability. Infect Immun 87:e00783-e818. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00783-18
Galmiche A, Rassow J, Doye A, Cagnol S, Chambard JC, Contamin S, de Thillot V, Just I, Ricci V, Solcia E, Van Obberghen E, Boquet P (2000) The N-terminal 34 kDa fragment of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin targets mitochondria and induces cytochrome c release. EMBO J 19:6361–6370. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/19.23.6361
Gao XX, Ge HM, Zheng WF, Tan RX (2008) NMR-based metabonomics for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in gerbils: which is more descriptive. Helicobacter 13:103–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00590.x
Garaude J, Acín-Pérez R, Martínez-Cano S, Enamorado M, Ugolini M, Nistal-Villán E, Hervás-Stubbs S, Pelegrín P, Sander LE, Enríquez JA, Sancho D (2016) Mitochondrial respiratory-chain adaptations in macrophages contribute to antibacterial host defense. Nat Immunol 17:1037–1045. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3509
García-Rodríguez FJ, Buchrieser C, Escoll P (2023) Legionella and mitochondria, an intriguing relationship. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 374:37–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.10.001
Goncalves RLS, Quinlan CL, Perevoshchikova IV, Hey-Mogensen M, Brand MD (2015) Sites of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by muscle mitochondria assessed ex vivo under conditions mimicking rest and exercise. J Biol Chem 290:209–227. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.619072
Gong ZY, Yuan ZQ, Dong ZW, Peng YZ (2017) Glutamine with probiotics attenuates intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat burn injury model through altered iNOS gene aberrant methylation. Am J Transl Res 9:2535–2547
Han L, Shu X, Wang J (2022) Helicobacter pylori-mediated oxidative stress and gastric diseases: a review. Front Microbiol 13:811258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.811258
Hao HX, Khalimonchuk O, Schraders M, Dephoure N, Bayley JP, Kunst H, Devilee P, Cremers CWRJ, Schiffman JD, Bentz BG, Gygi SP, Winge DR, Kremer H, Rutter J (2009) SDH5, a gene required for flavination of succinate dehydrogenase, is mutated in paraganglioma. Science 325:1139–1142. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1175689
Howitt MR, Lee JY, Lertsethtakarn P, Vogelmann R, Joubert LM, Ottemann KM, Amieva MR (2011) ChePep controls Helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric glands and chemotaxis in the Epsilonproteobacteria. mBio 2:e00098–11. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00098-11
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (2012) Biological agents. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 100:1–441
IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (1994) Infection with Helicobacter pylori. In: Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori, vol 61, pp 177–240
Ichim G, Lopez J, Ahmed SU, Muthalagu N, Giampazolias E, Delgado ME, Haller M, Riley JS, Mason SM, Athineos D, Parsons MJ, van de Kooij B, Bouchier-Hayes L, Chalmers AJ, Rooswinkel RW, Oberst A, Blyth K, Rehm M, Murphy DJ, Tait SWG (2015) Limited mitochondrial permeabilization causes DNA damage and genomic instability in the absence of cell death. Mol Cell 57:860–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2015.01.018
Infantino V, Iacobazzi V, Palmieri F, Menga A (2013) ATP-citrate lyase is essential for macrophage inflammatory response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 440:105–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.037
Ise F, Takasuka H, Hayashi S, Takahashi K, Koyama M, Aihara E, Takeuchi K (2011) Stimulation of duodenal HCO3-secretion by hydrogen sulphide in rats: relation to prostaglandins, nitric oxide and sensory neurones. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 201:117–126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02152.x
Israel DA, Salama N, Krishna U, Rieger UM, Atherton JC, Falkow S, Peek RM (2001) Helicobacter pylori genetic diversity within the gastric niche of a single human host. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:14625–14630. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.251551698
Jain P, Luo ZQ, Blanke SR (2011) Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) engages the mitochondrial fission machinery to induce host cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:16032–16037. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105175108
Jankowska-Kulawy A, Klimaszewska-Łata J, Gul-Hinc S, Ronowska A, Szutowicz A (2022) Metabolic and cellular compartments of acetyl-CoA in the healthy and diseased brain. Int J Mol Sci 23:10073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710073
Kawahara Y, Hirashita Y, Tamura C, Kudo Y, Sakai K, Togo K, Fukuda K, Matsunari O, Okamoto K, Ogawa R, Mizukami K, Okimoto T, Kodama M, Murakami K (2020) Helicobacter pylori infection modulates endogenous hydrogen sulfide production in gastric cancer AGS cells. Helicobacter 25:e12732. https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.12732
Keilberg D, Ottemann KM (2016) How Helicobacter pylori senses, targets and interacts with the gastric epithelium. Environ Microbiol 18:791–806. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13222
Keilberg D, Steele N, Fan S, Yang C, Zavros Y, Ottemann KM (2021) Gastric metabolomics detects Helicobacter pylori correlated loss of numerous metabolites in both the corpus and antrum. Infect Immun 89:e00690-e720. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00690-20
Killackey SA, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE (2020) Mitophagy pathways in health and disease. J Cell Biol 219:e202004029. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202004029
Kim IJ, Blanke SR (2012) Remodeling the host environment: modulation of the gastric epithelium by the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin (VacA). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2:37. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00037
Kim IJ, Lee J, Oh SJ, Yoon MS, Jang SS, Holland RL, Reno ML, Hamad MN, Maeda T, Chung HJ, Chen J, Blanke SR (2018) Helicobacter pylori infection modulates host cell metabolism through VacA-dependent inhibition of mTORC1. Cell Host Microbe 23:583-593.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2018.04.006
Kim JM, Kim JS, Lee JY, Kim YJ, Youn HJ, Kim IY, Chee YJ, Oh YK, Kim N, Jung HC, Song IS (2007) Vacuolating cytotoxin in Helicobacter pylori water-soluble proteins upregulates chemokine expression in human eosinophils via Ca2+ influx, mitochondrial reactive oxygen intermediates, and NF-kappaB activation. Infect Immun 75:3373–3381. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01940-06
Kopinski PK, Singh LN, Zhang S, Lott MT, Wallace DC (2021) Mitochondrial DNA variation and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 21:431–445. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-021-00358-w
Kubota Y, Kato K, Dairaku N, Koike T, Iijima K, Imatani A, Sekine H, Ohara S, Matsui H, Shimosegawa T (2004) Contribution of glutamine synthetase to ammonia-induced apoptosis in gastric mucosal cells. Digestion 69:140–148. https://doi.org/10.1159/000078152
Kumar S, Vinella D, De Reuse H (2022) Nickel, an essential virulence determinant of Helicobacter pylori: transport and trafficking pathways and their targeting by bismuth. Adv Microb Physiol 80:1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.01.001
Lee SM, Donaldson GP, Mikulski Z, Boyajian S, Ley K, Mazmanian SK (2013) Bacterial colonization factors control specificity and stability of the gut microbiota. Nature 501:426–429. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12447
Lee Y, Lee SM, Choi J, Kang S, So S, Kim D, Ahn JY, Jung HY, Jeong JY, Kang E (2021) Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup related to the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori. Cells 10:2482. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10092482
Ling X, Zhang H, Shen C, Yan W, Wang P, Feng J, Peng Z, Peng G, Chen W, Fang D (2016) H. pylori infection is related to mitochondrial microsatellite instability in gastric carcinogenesis. Infect Agent Cancer 11:30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-016-0078-5
Liu YJ, McIntyre RL, Janssens GE, Houtkooper RH (2020) Mitochondrial fission and fusion: a dynamic role in aging and potential target for age-related disease. Mech Aging Dev 186:111212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2020.111212
Liu PS, Wang H, Li X, Chao T, Teav T, Christen S, Di Conza G, Cheng WC, Chou CH, Vavakova M, Muret C, Debackere K, Mazzone M, Huang HD, Fendt SM, Ivanisevic J, Ho PC (2017) α-ketoglutarate orchestrates macrophage activation through metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Nat Immunol 18:985–994. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3796
Luo B, Wang M, Hou N, Hu X, Jia G, Qin X, Zuo X, Liu Y, Luo K, Song W, Wang K, Pang M (2016) ATP-dependent lon protease contributes to Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis. Neoplasia 18:242–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2016.03.001
Machado AMD, Desler C, Bøggild S, Strickertsson JAB, Friis-Hansen L, Figueiredo C, Seruca R, Rasmussen LJ (2013) Helicobacter pylori infection affects mitochondrial function and DNA repair, thus, mediating genetic instability in gastric cells. Mech Ageing Dev 134:460–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2013.08.004
Machado AMD, Figueiredo C, Touati E, Máximo V, Sousa S, Michel V, Carneiro F, Nielsen FC, Seruca R, Rasmussen LJ (2009) Helicobacter pylori infection induces genetic instability of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in gastric cells. Clin Cancer Res 15:2995–3002. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2686
Markandey M, Bajaj A, Ilott NE, Kedia S, Travis S, Powrie F, Ahuja V (2021) Gut microbiota: sculptors of the intestinal stem cell niche in health and inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 13:1990827. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2021.1990827
Martínez LE, Hardcastle JM, Wang J, Pincus Z, Tsang J, Hoover TR, Bansil R, Salama NR (2016) Helicobacter pylori strains vary cell shape and flagellum number to maintain robust motility in viscous environments. Mol Microbiol 99:88–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.13218
Miller A, Williams SM (2021) Helicobacter pylori infection causes both protective and deleterious effects in human health and disease. Genes Immun 22:218–226. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41435-021-00146-4
Mills EL, Kelly B, Logan A, Costa ASH, Varma M, Bryant CE, Tourlomousis P, Däbritz JHM, Gottlieb E, Latorre I, Corr SC, McManus G, Ryan D, Jacobs HT, Szibor M, Xavier RJ, Braun T, Frezza C, Murphy MP, O’Neill LA (2016) Succinate dehydrogenase supports metabolic repurposing of mitochondria to drive inflammatory macrophages. Cell 167:457-470.e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.064
Mitchell SL, Goodloe R, Brown-Gentry K, Pendergrass SA, Murdock DG, Crawford DC (2014) Characterization of mitochondrial haplogroups in a large population-based sample from the United States. Hum Genet 133:861–868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-014-1421-9
Modis K, Ju YJ, Ahmad A, Untereiner AA, Altaany Z, Wu L, Szabo C, Wang R (2016) S-sulfhydration of ATP synthase by hydrogen sulfide stimulates mitochondrial bioenergetics. Pharmacol Res 113:116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2016.08.023
Onishi M, Yamano K, Sato M, Matsuda N, Okamoto K (2021) Molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of mitophagy. EMBO J 40:e104705. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020104705
Pachathundikandi SK, Lind J, Tegtmeyer N, El-Omar EM, Backert S (2015) Interplay of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori with toll-like receptors. Biomed Res Int 2015:192420. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/192420. Epub 2015 Apr 6
Quirós PM, Mottis A, Auwerx J (2016) Mitonuclear communication in homeostasis and stress. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 17:213–226. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2016.23
Rafalski VA, Mancini E, Brunet A (2012) Energy metabolism and energy-sensing pathways in mammalian embryonic and adult stem cell fate. J Cell Sci 125:5597–5608. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114827
Rassow J, Meinecke M (2012) Helicobacter pylori VacA: a new perspective on an invasive chloride channel. Microbes Infect 14:1026–1033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2012.07.002
Ricchetti M, Fairhead C, Dujon B (1999) Mitochondrial DNA repairs double-strand breaks in yeast chromosomes. Nature 402:96–100. https://doi.org/10.1038/47076
Ricci V, Giannouli M, Romano M, Zarrilli R (2014) Helicobacter pylori gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and its pathogenic role. World J Gastroenterol 20:630–638. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i3.630
Rius-Pérez S, Torres-Cuevas I, Millán I, Ortega ÁL, Pérez S (2020) PGC-1α, inflammation, and oxidative stress: an integrative view in metabolism. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020:1452696. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1452696
Rodríguez-Nuevo A, Zorzano A (2019) The sensing of mitochondrial DAMPs by non-immune cells. Cell Stress 3:195–207. https://doi.org/10.15698/cst2019.06.190
Ryan DG, Yang M, Prag HA, Blanco GR, Nikitopoulou E, Segarra-Mondejar M, Powell CA, Young T, Burger N, Miljkovic JL, Minczuk M, Murphy MP, von Kriegsheim A, Frezza C (2021) Disruption of the TCA cycle reveals an ATF4-dependent integration of redox and amino acid metabolism. Elife 10:e72593. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.72593
Salama NR, Hartung ML, Müller A (2013) Life in the human stomach: persistence strategies of the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Nat Rev Microbiol 11:385–399. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3016
Schreiber S, Konradt M, Groll C, Scheid P, Hanauer G, Werling HO, Josenhans C, Suerbaum S (2004) The spatial orientation of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:5024–5029. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308386101
Sekiguchi F, Sekimoto T, Ogura A, Kawabata A (2016) Endogenous hydrogen sulfide enhances cell proliferation of human gastric cancer AGS cells. Biol Pharm Bull 39:887–890. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b15-01015
Shekhova E (2020) Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species as major effectors of antimicrobial immunity. PLoS Pathog 16:e1008470. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008470
Shen K, Pender CL, Bar-Ziv R, Zhang H, Wickham K, Willey E, Durieux J, Ahmad Q, Dillin A (2022) Mitochondria as cellular and organismal signaling hubs. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 38:179–218. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120420-015303
Sigal M, Rothenberg ME, Logan CY, Lee JY, Honaker RW, Cooper RL, Passarelli B, Camorlinga M, Bouley DM, Alvarez G, Nusse R, Torres J, Amieva MR (2015) Helicobacter pylori activates and expands Lgr5(+) stem cells through direct colonization of the gastric glands. Gastroenterology 148:1392-1404.e21. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.049
Sivanand S, Viney I, Wellen KE (2018) Spatiotemporal control of Acetyl-CoA metabolism in chromatin regulation. Trends Biochem Sci 43:61–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2017.11.004
Skouloubris S, Labigne A, De Reuse H (2001) The AmiE aliphatic amidase and AmiF formamidase of Helicobacter pylori: natural evolution of two enzyme paralogues. Mol Microbiol 40:596–609. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02400.x
Srinivasainagendra V, Sandel MW, Singh B, Sundaresan A, Mooga VP, Bajpai P, Tiwari HK, Singh KK (2017) Migration of mitochondrial DNA in the nuclear genome of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Genome Med 9:31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-017-0420-6
Sullivan LB, Martinez-Garcia E, Nguyen H, Mullen AR, Dufour E, Sudarshan S, Licht JD, Deberardinis RJ, Chandel NS (2013) The proto-oncometabolite fumarate binds glutathione to amplify ROS-dependent signaling. Mol Cell 51:236–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.05.003
Tan S, Tompkins LS, Amieva MR (2009) Helicobacter pylori usurps cell polarity to turn the cell surface into a replicative niche. PLoS Pathog 5:e1000407. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000407
Tegtmeyer N, Neddermann M, Asche CI, Backert S (2017) Subversion of host kinases: a key network in cellular signaling hijacked by Helicobacter pylori CagA. Mol Microbiol 105(3):358–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/mmi.13707
Terebiznik MR, Raju D, Vázquez CL, Torbricki K, Kulkarni R, Blanke SR, Yoshimori T, Colombo MI, Jones NL (2009) Effect of Helicobacter pylori’s vacuolating cytotoxin on the autophagy pathway in gastric epithelial cells. Autophagy 5:370–379. https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.5.3.7663
Toller IM, Neelsen KJ, Steger M, Hartung ML, Hottiger MO, Stucki M, Kalali B, Gerhard M, Sartori AA, Lopes M, Müller A (2011) Carcinogenic bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori triggers DNA double-strand breaks and a DNA damage response in its host cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:14944–14949. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1100959108
Touati E (2010) When bacteria become mutagenic and carcinogenic: lessons from H. pylori. Mutat Res 703:66–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.07.014
Touati E, Michel V, Thiberg JM, Wuscher N, Huerre M, Labigne A (2003) Chronic Helicobacter pylori infections induce gastric mutations in mice. Gastroenterology 124:1408–1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00266-x
Tsujii M, Kawano S, Tsuji S, Fusamoto H, Kamada T, Sato N (1992) Mechanism of gastric mucosal damage induced by ammonia. Gastroenterology 102:1881–1888. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(92)90309-m
Turrens JF (2003) Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. J Physiol 552:335–344. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2003.049478
Vinella D, Fischer F, Vorontsov E, Gallaud J, Malosse C, Michel V, Cavazza C, Robbe-Saule M, Richaud P, Chamot-Rooke J, Brochier-Armanet C, De Reuse H (2015) Evolution of Helicobacter: acquisition by gastric species of two histidine-rich proteins essential for colonization. PLoS Pathog 11:e1005312. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005312
Wai T, Langer T (2016) Mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic regulation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 27:105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2015.12.001
Wang L, Yi J, Yin XY, Hou JX, Chen J, Xie B, Chen G, Wang QF, Wang LN, Wang XY, Sun J, Huo LM, Che TJ, Wei HL (2022) Vacuolating cytotoxin A triggers mitophagy in Helicobacter pylori-Infected human gastric epithelium cells. Front Oncol 12:881829. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.881829
Weinberg SE, Sena LA, Chandel NS (2015) Mitochondria in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunity 42:406–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.002
Westermann B (2010) Mitochondrial fusion and fission in cell life and death. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11:872–884. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3013
Willhite DC, Blanke SR (2004) Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin enters cells, localizes to the mitochondria, and induces mitochondrial membrane permeability changes correlated to toxin channel activity. Cell Microbiol 6:143–154. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00347.x
Wizenty J, Tacke F, Sigal M (2020) Response of gastric epithelial cells and their niche to Helicobacter pylori infection. Am Transl Med 8:568. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.02.178
Wu S, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Xing D (2011) Mitochondrial oxidative stress causes mitochondrial fragmentation via differential modulation of mitochondrial fission-fusion proteins. FEBS J 278:941–954. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08010.x
Yamasaki E, Wada A, Kumatori A, Nakagawa I, Funao J, Nakayama M, Hisatsune J, Kimura M, Moss J, Hirayama T (2006) Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin induces activation of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, leading to cytochrome c release and cell death, independent of vacuolation. J Biol Chem 281:11250–11259. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M509404200
Yang C-S, Kim J-J, Lee H-M, Jin HS, Lee S-H, Park J-H, Kim SJ, Kim J-M, Han Y-M, Lee M-S, Kweon GR, Shong M, Jo E-K (2014) The AMPK-PPARGC1A pathway is required for antimicrobial host defense through activation of autophagy. Autophagy 10:785–802. https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.28072
Zhang H, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J (2018) The role of mitochondria in stem cell fate and aging. Development 145. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.143420
Zhang X, Arnold IC, Müller A (2020) Mechanisms of persistence, innate immune activation and immunomodulation by the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Curr Opin Microbiol 54:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2020.01.003
Zhao Q, Wang J, Levichkin IV, Stasinopoulos S, Ryan MT, Hoogenraad NJ (2002) A mitochondrial specific stress response in mammalian cells. EMBO J 21:4411–4419. https://doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdf445
Zhao S, Torres A, Henry RA, Trefely S, Wallace M, Lee JV, Carrer A, Sengupta A, Campbell SL, Kuo YM, Frey AJ, Meurs N, Viola JM, Blair IA, Weljie AM, Metallo CM, Snyder NW, Andrews AJ, Wellen KE (2016) ATP-citrate lyase controls a glucose-to-acetate metabolic switch. Cell Rep 17:1037–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.069
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. Manuel Amieva (Stanford University, CA, USA) for providing excellent photos of human and mouse gastric mucosa (Figs. 2 and 3). This work is supported by Odyssey Reinsurance and Institut Pasteur Transversal Research Programs to ET (PTRs 217 and 332-20). The figures were created with BioRender.com.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Torres, J., Touati, E. (2023). Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease: Responses to Helicobacter pylori Metabolism and Impact in Gastric Cancer Development. In: Backert, S. (eds) Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 444. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-47330-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-47331-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)