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Quantitative MRI of the Kidneys: Rationale and Challenges

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Advanced Clinical MRI of the Kidney

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Abstract

Assessment of renal function has remained a challenge for modern medicine, as neither laboratory tests nor imaging diagnostics provide adequate information on kidney status. In recent years, multiparametric renal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has provided a strategy whereby several noninvasive sequences are employed to study the structure and function of the kidney in a single MR scan session to quantify renal hemodynamics, oxygenation, and tissue composition (fibrosis, inflammation, and edema) without using ionizing radiation.

This chapter outlines the multiparametric renal MRI techniques that provide noninvasive measures of relevance to the pathophysiology of kidney disease. These comprise techniques for morphometric measures of total kidney volume (TKV); measures of biophysical tissue composition such as T1/T2 relaxometry mapping, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and less commonly used methods of magnetization transfer (MT), T1ρ, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), and MR elastography (MRE); measures of hemodynamics including MR angiography and phase contrast MRI, arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI; and measures of renal oxygenation such as blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD). Current evidence is described regarding the use of multiparametric renal MRI in the clinical setting to study acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and renal transplantation. Challenges remaining for the wider evaluation of clinical adoption are outlined, including standardized acquisition protocols and efficient strategies for data analysis. It can be hoped that multiparametric renal MRI may be used to assist clinicians in the diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment of kidney diseases in the future.

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  1. Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Susan Francis

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  1. Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Suraj D. Serai

  2. Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Kassa Darge

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Francis, S. (2023). Quantitative MRI of the Kidneys: Rationale and Challenges. In: Serai, S.D., Darge, K. (eds) Advanced Clinical MRI of the Kidney. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40169-5_7

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-40168-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-40169-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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