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Nanocarriers: Potential Vehicles for Managed Delivery of Bioactive Compounds in Therapeutics

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Microbial Bioactive Compounds

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Abstract

In recent years, the medical industry has used nanomaterials extensively in large part due to the fast advancement of nanotechnology. They are ideally suited for the target-specific and precisely controlled delivery of micro- and macromolecules in disease therapy due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which include minimized size, customized surface features, robust interactions with ligands, high carrier ability, and ease of adhering with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. They have also shown outstanding promise pertaining to clinical applications with the goal of fine-tuning bioavailability, bio efficacy, and pharmacokinetics. The primary challenges in therapeutics include absorption, post-administration stability, and bioavailability of drugs and other bioactive compounds. Some crucial medications have limited gastrointestinal absorption and permeability in their bioactive state, get sometimes inactivated by pH and temperature changes, and produce disastrous off-target and unwanted side effects. Certain studies have also found that active efflux systems impact the assimilation of some currently integrated substances by causing structural changes across the gut wall. Furthermore, gut bacteria and/or enzymes degrade the fragile components of active chemicals into a range of metabolites, each with a distinct bioactivity from the original chemical molecule. By virtue of nanocarrier-mediated dispersion, their solubilization potential improved, absorption pathways altered, and metabolic breakdown by gut bacteria and enzymes substantially decreased. Combining nanobiotechnology with existing therapeutic procedures has proven beneficial in bringing novel and previously rejected bioactive compounds to the market to treat an extensive range of illnesses and disorders. As a result, we anticipate that nanotechnology will play a bigger role in disease diagnosis and treatment in years to come, perhaps assisting in the resolution of obstacles in present medical procedures. This chapter provides a thorough examination of the techniques and applications of nanoengineered delivery systems, as well as the pharmacokinetic features and drug-delivery mechanisms of these nanocarriers. The potential downsides, problems, future improvements, and applications of nanocarriers in clinical care are addressed as well.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Ashfaq Ahmad Shah & Amit Gupta

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  1. Ashfaq Ahmad Shah
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  1. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India

    Ravindra Soni

  2. Vidyadayini Institute of Science, Management and Technology, Bhopal, India

    Deep Chandra Suyal

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico

    Lourdes Morales-Oyervides

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Shah, A.A., Gupta, A. (2023). Nanocarriers: Potential Vehicles for Managed Delivery of Bioactive Compounds in Therapeutics. In: Soni, R., Suyal, D.C., Morales-Oyervides, L. (eds) Microbial Bioactive Compounds. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40082-7_8

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