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Options Noninvasive Ventilator Support Outside Intensive Care Unit

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Noninvasive Ventilation Outside Intensive Care Unit

Part of the book series: Noninvasive Ventilation. The Essentials ((NVE))

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Abstract

The first-line treatment for respiratory failure is supplemental oxygen. Conventional supplemental oxygen is usually not humidified and although bubble humidifiers are frequently used the humidity of the gas remains low. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) have been gaining a lot of attention as an alternative means of oxygen therapy and respiratory support for critical patients. The heated and humidified air by the active humidifier has apparent beneficial physiological effects. The clinical benefits include ameliorated oxygenation; improved ventilation perfusion matching; reduced work of breathing; decreased airways resistance; and the balancing of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Continuous Positive Airway Pressure [CPAP] is a method of ventilatory assistance that involves the application of a constant positive pressure to the patient’s airways through a dedicated circuit and interface. CPAP has proven to be useful and effective only for hypoxemic respiratory failure (type 1 respiratory failure), while in the presence of a type 2 respiratory failure (hypercapnic), it is necessary to search for other solutions (e.g., noninvasive mechanical ventilation). Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is an extensively used technique for acute respiratory failure (ARF). Application of NIV covers the management of ARF in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation or acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) which is now considered a first-line method of ventilatory support. Using NIV over invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in a variety of settings has proven to have many advantages. Thanks to its advantages and to the increase of evidence produced in the last years, with validation provided by different societies across the globe, NIV is now extensively and successfully used in the critical setting, inside and outside Intensive Care Units (ICUs) for different types of ARF and patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sub-Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy

    Gianluca Monaco

  2. Anesthesiology Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy

    Gabriele Paone & Giacomo Monaco

  3. Pulmonology, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy

    Gregorino Paone

Authors
  1. Gianluca Monaco
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  2. Gabriele Paone
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  3. Giacomo Monaco
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  4. Gregorino Paone
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Correspondence to Gregorino Paone .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario Morales M, Murcia, Murcia, Spain

    Antonio M. Esquinas

  2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Lucia Spicuzza

  3. Cardio-Neuro-Thoracic, Metabol Dept, Pulmonology and Respiratory ICU, Ospedale San Donato, Arezzo, Italy

    Raffaele Scala

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Monaco, G., Paone, G., Monaco, G., Paone, G. (2023). Options Noninvasive Ventilator Support Outside Intensive Care Unit. In: Esquinas, A.M., Spicuzza, L., Scala, R. (eds) Noninvasive Ventilation Outside Intensive Care Unit. Noninvasive Ventilation. The Essentials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37796-9_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37796-9_7

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