Abstract
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an increasingly used technique in emergency and critical care services. It can be applied in both type I and type II acute respiratory failure. By applying this technique, we manage to control hypoxemia and hypercapnia, with the potential to reduce severe complications that can be lifethreatening for the patient, with fewer adverse effects. In recent years, its use in terminal patients or those with Do Not Intubate (DNI) orders has also gained strength, trying to provide optimal patient comfort and understanding the limits of therapeutic effort. Its use is based on evidence, and criteria are established to indicate its initiation. In the emergency department, the use of CPAP, BiPAP, and HFNC to palliate, stabilize, and even transfer patients is essential, according to the pathologies studied. NIV is applicable in pneumonias, COPD, pulmonary edema, near-drowning syndrome, excessive mucus secretions in patients on artificial ventilation, immunosuppressed patients and palliative patients. During the process of mechanical ventilation, it is important to monitor clinical parameters, gasometrical parameters, hemodynamics and ventilation parameters, an indication for its change, if necessary. Finally, for pandemics such as the one generated by SarS-CoV-2, it is the first respiratory support we can use with trained personnel.
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Annexes
Annexes
Annex I: Acute Respiratory Failure Type I
Annex II: Acute Respiratory Failure Type II
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Campos, M.A.E., del Pilar Naz Núñez, M., del Carmen Martínez Picón, M., Mendiola, D.D.T. (2023). Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Outside Intensive Care Unit. Emergency Department Organization. In: Esquinas, A.M., Spicuzza, L., Scala, R. (eds) Noninvasive Ventilation Outside Intensive Care Unit. Noninvasive Ventilation. The Essentials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37796-9_12
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